Detection
Primobolan has a long half life. Past data indicate that it can stay in the body for 5 days and is easily detected in the urine for up to 3-8 weeks. The drug is regularly tested by all sports organizations. Because it is detected in the urine for long periods, the drug is only used during the preseason.
Availability
Primobolan is not easy to get even on the black market. The drug simply is not manufactured any more. There are a few illegal laboratories that make the product- but the purity and quality is questionable. A few years ago much of Primobolan was smuggled in from the East, Mexico and Europe and there have been countless reports of fake products. The price of one tablet (25 mg) is said to cost about $2-$4. Many even sell 100 mg vials for injection for $5-10.
There are some body builders who get their anabolic steroids by searching for farms who feed their livestock with these drugs. They consume only chickens and other animals that have previously been injected with Primobolan. However, athletes who consume such meat containing hormones are always at a risk for detection also.
Legal
Primobolan is classified as a schedule 3 drug under the controlled substance act. It has no use in clinical medicine and possession, distribution or selling the drug is considered illegal.
Final Advice: The real Primobolan is not available anymore; save your money to buy some other anabolic steroids or better still- go clean.
Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Primobolan (methenolone acetate) Part 4
Results
Some individuals claim that recovery after injury is quick when the topical Primobolan is applied to the site of trauma. However, in all such cases, the quality and purity of the Primobolan is suspect.
The weight gain seen with Primobolan is a little faster when the diet is complemented with high calories. While there are many cycling regimens, everyone has their own individual regimen. One thing to note about this drug is that it does not always produce the same effects in each individual. The reasons for this are unknown but believed to be related to fake drugs or contaminated products.
Women
While there are reports that Primobolan can burn fat, this thermogenic is not attributed to the drug but more to the intensity of the exercise. At low doses, Primobolan does not cause any virilization, but at higher doses these effects are obvious. Primobolan is also widely used by women since it does not cause unnecessary water retention.
Side effects
There is no data base of the side effects since the drug has never been approved for use in humans. However, surveys from body builders indicate that the drug is generally safe and the side effects are rare. The most common reported side effects of Primobolan include the following:
- generalized fatigue
- nausea, vomiting
- abdominal cramping
- mood changes- depression, anger
- acne, oily skin
- retention of body water
- breast enlargement
The majority of these side effects resolve when the drug is stopped.
Some individuals claim that recovery after injury is quick when the topical Primobolan is applied to the site of trauma. However, in all such cases, the quality and purity of the Primobolan is suspect.
The weight gain seen with Primobolan is a little faster when the diet is complemented with high calories. While there are many cycling regimens, everyone has their own individual regimen. One thing to note about this drug is that it does not always produce the same effects in each individual. The reasons for this are unknown but believed to be related to fake drugs or contaminated products.
Women
While there are reports that Primobolan can burn fat, this thermogenic is not attributed to the drug but more to the intensity of the exercise. At low doses, Primobolan does not cause any virilization, but at higher doses these effects are obvious. Primobolan is also widely used by women since it does not cause unnecessary water retention.
Side effects
There is no data base of the side effects since the drug has never been approved for use in humans. However, surveys from body builders indicate that the drug is generally safe and the side effects are rare. The most common reported side effects of Primobolan include the following:
- generalized fatigue
- nausea, vomiting
- abdominal cramping
- mood changes- depression, anger
- acne, oily skin
- retention of body water
- breast enlargement
The majority of these side effects resolve when the drug is stopped.
Primobolan (methenolone acetate) Part 3
Dosing
Primobolan is taken in three different ways by the body builders. Some take it orally, others inject it and yet others apply it topically on the skin. In all cases, the exact dose for an effect is simply guess work.
For oral ingestion, the recommended dose is 25 mg once a day. The amount of drug absorbed into the blood stream is not known. Some experts suggest that when there is no effect seen in 3-4 weeks, the dose should be increased to 50 mg during the next cycle. Some even take up to 150 mg on a daily basis. Others even recommend the dose should be based on weight – 1 mg /kg per day. The drug is taken for 4 weeks and then a wash out period is undertaken. During the washout period, most body builders take either growth hormone or thyroxin.
Primobolan is also available as an oily emulsion for injection. The dose recommended is anywhere from 200-350 mg two times a week. The injection is given in the buttock area and can be uncomfortable. The site of injection must be rotated to prevent abscess formation. The injection should never be in the arms or the abdomen. The outer aspect of the thighs is the next most common site of injection.
Since Primobolan is rapidly broken down by the liver after oral ingestion, many body builders have been trying to develop alternate ways to administer the drug. Some individuals take the oral pills, crush them and extract them with various organic solvents. The crude extract is then mixed with an oil and then applied on to the skin. All steroids have the ability to be absorbed through the skin but the amount of absorption is very variable. Many individuals have recipes for extracting the Primobolan and mixing it with a cocktail of oils, vitamins and nutrients-most of it is based on very little science and a lot of junkyard scientific knowledge.
Primobolan is taken in three different ways by the body builders. Some take it orally, others inject it and yet others apply it topically on the skin. In all cases, the exact dose for an effect is simply guess work.
For oral ingestion, the recommended dose is 25 mg once a day. The amount of drug absorbed into the blood stream is not known. Some experts suggest that when there is no effect seen in 3-4 weeks, the dose should be increased to 50 mg during the next cycle. Some even take up to 150 mg on a daily basis. Others even recommend the dose should be based on weight – 1 mg /kg per day. The drug is taken for 4 weeks and then a wash out period is undertaken. During the washout period, most body builders take either growth hormone or thyroxin.
Primobolan is also available as an oily emulsion for injection. The dose recommended is anywhere from 200-350 mg two times a week. The injection is given in the buttock area and can be uncomfortable. The site of injection must be rotated to prevent abscess formation. The injection should never be in the arms or the abdomen. The outer aspect of the thighs is the next most common site of injection.
Since Primobolan is rapidly broken down by the liver after oral ingestion, many body builders have been trying to develop alternate ways to administer the drug. Some individuals take the oral pills, crush them and extract them with various organic solvents. The crude extract is then mixed with an oil and then applied on to the skin. All steroids have the ability to be absorbed through the skin but the amount of absorption is very variable. Many individuals have recipes for extracting the Primobolan and mixing it with a cocktail of oils, vitamins and nutrients-most of it is based on very little science and a lot of junkyard scientific knowledge.
Primobolan (methenolone acetate) Part 2
Primobolan is a synthetic anabolic steroid with very little androgenic properties. It has been widely used by body builders to build up muscle mass and strength. The drug is slow acting and the weight gain is gradual. Most users of this product indicate that the muscle mass build up takes anywhere from 6-8 weeks to develop. It is a preferred drug for the off season. It actions are similar to Deca Durabolin, but needs to be administered at much higher doses. The drug is not as potent as other anabolic steroids in suppressing the synthesis of endogenous testosterone from the testes and hence the androgenic effects are much less.
Primobolan is a mild anabolic agent with little or no androgenic activity at low doses. The drug is known to slowly build the protein mass when the diet is rich in calories. Many bodybuilders combine its use with other anabolic steroids and GH.
The potency of Primobolan is still questionable. There are many individuals who claim that the drug does nothing and there are a few who claim that it can increase body weight. Because bodybuilders take so many other drugs and supplements it is very difficult to know which drug has actually caused the weight gain. Past research with animals does show that over time Primobolan can increase body weight. There are some experts who suggest that Primobolan only works when taken in high doses. However, at high doses, the drug does produce a number of potent side effects including development of breast enlargement.
There are several studies which have shown that absorption of the drug from the stomach is not great. Less than 30% of it is actually absorbed. The remaining drug is broken down in the liver. To enhance the potency of the drug, some experts indicate that it should be taken together with Clomid. Others recommend that the Clomid should be taken after the drug is discontinued in a series of cycles.
Primobolan is a mild anabolic agent with little or no androgenic activity at low doses. The drug is known to slowly build the protein mass when the diet is rich in calories. Many bodybuilders combine its use with other anabolic steroids and GH.
The potency of Primobolan is still questionable. There are many individuals who claim that the drug does nothing and there are a few who claim that it can increase body weight. Because bodybuilders take so many other drugs and supplements it is very difficult to know which drug has actually caused the weight gain. Past research with animals does show that over time Primobolan can increase body weight. There are some experts who suggest that Primobolan only works when taken in high doses. However, at high doses, the drug does produce a number of potent side effects including development of breast enlargement.
There are several studies which have shown that absorption of the drug from the stomach is not great. Less than 30% of it is actually absorbed. The remaining drug is broken down in the liver. To enhance the potency of the drug, some experts indicate that it should be taken together with Clomid. Others recommend that the Clomid should be taken after the drug is discontinued in a series of cycles.
Monday, March 30, 2009
Primobolan (methenolone acetate) Part 1
Primobolan is a synthetic anabolic steroid which has no use in clinical medicine and is not manufactured for the treatment of any medical disorders. It has been tried out in the past to treat very resistant anemias and improve the wasting seen in HIV patients.
Primobolan was once manufactured by the pharmaceutical company Schering AG but because of the widespread abuse and potent side effects, manufacture of this drug has been discontinued for the better part of the past 2 decades. The majority of Primobolan available on the black market is made in illegal laboratories in South America, Europe and Asia.
Primobolan was once manufactured by the pharmaceutical company Schering AG but because of the widespread abuse and potent side effects, manufacture of this drug has been discontinued for the better part of the past 2 decades. The majority of Primobolan available on the black market is made in illegal laboratories in South America, Europe and Asia.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 7
Hypoglycemia
Excess insulin is a common cause of hypoglycemia in diabetics but in normal individuals, any dose of insulin can cause complications. After insulin injection, the body builder must continue to eat or drink a diet rich in carbohydrates to ensure that hypoglycemia does not occur. Hypoglycemia may occur when a meal is missed or the dose of insulin is excessive or the exercise is intense. Sometimes, the insulin may not have been injected properly.
It cannot be emphasized enough that all non diabetic bodybuilders who do take insulin should carry a sugar drink all the time in the event that a hypoglycemic attack occurs. And one should tell the family and friends what they are doing in the event that the individual is found in a coma.
Final Warning
While insulin may have some mild anabolic properties, it is not a drug that should be used without the guidance of a physician. And it is definitely not recommended for normal individuals, and this includes body builders.
Cost
Insulin is relatively cheap to buy. While a prescription is required to get the drug, there are many sites on the Internet who will willingly sell you the insulin without one.
The cost of 100 units/ml of a 10 ml vial can cost about $100. Supplies like syringes and needles can cost an additional $50. Pen injector can cost $ 400. Sometimes the syringes and fresh needles can be difficult to obtain, and many people use/share the same needles and syringes- which in turn increases the risk of infections and transmission of dangerous infections.
Detection
Many sports organizations regularly monitor levels of insulin in the urine. The drug is not banned because many diabetics do need the insulin for survival. Shorting acting insulin is rapidly broken down and difficult to detect in the urine. Nevertheless, many sporting agencies are aware of insulin abuse in sports. If insulin is suspected in the urine, then other biochemical profiles are obtained from blood work. However, short acting insulin cannot be found in the blood 5-7 days after the last dose.
Excess insulin is a common cause of hypoglycemia in diabetics but in normal individuals, any dose of insulin can cause complications. After insulin injection, the body builder must continue to eat or drink a diet rich in carbohydrates to ensure that hypoglycemia does not occur. Hypoglycemia may occur when a meal is missed or the dose of insulin is excessive or the exercise is intense. Sometimes, the insulin may not have been injected properly.
It cannot be emphasized enough that all non diabetic bodybuilders who do take insulin should carry a sugar drink all the time in the event that a hypoglycemic attack occurs. And one should tell the family and friends what they are doing in the event that the individual is found in a coma.
Final Warning
While insulin may have some mild anabolic properties, it is not a drug that should be used without the guidance of a physician. And it is definitely not recommended for normal individuals, and this includes body builders.
Cost
Insulin is relatively cheap to buy. While a prescription is required to get the drug, there are many sites on the Internet who will willingly sell you the insulin without one.
The cost of 100 units/ml of a 10 ml vial can cost about $100. Supplies like syringes and needles can cost an additional $50. Pen injector can cost $ 400. Sometimes the syringes and fresh needles can be difficult to obtain, and many people use/share the same needles and syringes- which in turn increases the risk of infections and transmission of dangerous infections.
Detection
Many sports organizations regularly monitor levels of insulin in the urine. The drug is not banned because many diabetics do need the insulin for survival. Shorting acting insulin is rapidly broken down and difficult to detect in the urine. Nevertheless, many sporting agencies are aware of insulin abuse in sports. If insulin is suspected in the urine, then other biochemical profiles are obtained from blood work. However, short acting insulin cannot be found in the blood 5-7 days after the last dose.
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 6
Injection site
Insulin may be injected under the skin on the arm, thigh, buttocks or abdomen.
It should not be injected into the muscles because of faster absorption. Intravenous insulin preparations are available and are only for use in a hospital setting. Intravenous insulin injection at home can be lethal. It should never ever be done. The injection sites should be rotated to prevent formation of lumps (fat deposits at the site).
Insulin is most rapidly absorbed when injected under the skin in the abdomen, followed by the arms, thighs, and buttocks. Exercise increases the rate of absorption from injection sites, probably by increasing blood flow to the skin and perhaps also by local actions.
Areas of fatty deposits can also slow absorption. The rate of absorption also differs between subcutaneous and intramuscular sites. The latter is faster but not recommended for routine use because the absorption can be unpredictable. Intramuscular injections are generally given in emergency scenarios when a patient needs urgent insulin.
Self-monitoring
Insulin is a very dangerous hormone when it is used in normal people. The only way to avoid lethal complications is to monitor the blood sugars. There are many home-based kits, which can be used to monitor blood glucose. For all bodybuilders who abuse insulin; this is a must, plus having a bottle of orange juice. Further the blood glucose should be monitored 2-3 times a day to ensure that the levels of glucose are safe.
For those who decide to take insulin, it is essential to eat a diet rich in carbohydrates. This will help maintain normal glucose levels despite the insulin injections.
Insulin may be injected under the skin on the arm, thigh, buttocks or abdomen.
It should not be injected into the muscles because of faster absorption. Intravenous insulin preparations are available and are only for use in a hospital setting. Intravenous insulin injection at home can be lethal. It should never ever be done. The injection sites should be rotated to prevent formation of lumps (fat deposits at the site).
Insulin is most rapidly absorbed when injected under the skin in the abdomen, followed by the arms, thighs, and buttocks. Exercise increases the rate of absorption from injection sites, probably by increasing blood flow to the skin and perhaps also by local actions.
Areas of fatty deposits can also slow absorption. The rate of absorption also differs between subcutaneous and intramuscular sites. The latter is faster but not recommended for routine use because the absorption can be unpredictable. Intramuscular injections are generally given in emergency scenarios when a patient needs urgent insulin.
Self-monitoring
Insulin is a very dangerous hormone when it is used in normal people. The only way to avoid lethal complications is to monitor the blood sugars. There are many home-based kits, which can be used to monitor blood glucose. For all bodybuilders who abuse insulin; this is a must, plus having a bottle of orange juice. Further the blood glucose should be monitored 2-3 times a day to ensure that the levels of glucose are safe.
For those who decide to take insulin, it is essential to eat a diet rich in carbohydrates. This will help maintain normal glucose levels despite the insulin injections.
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 5
Insulin Injections in bodybuilders
One thing very serious about insulin is that it can cause blood sugars to drop. While this may not make a big difference in diabetics; in a normal individual, it can easily cause a coma. There are thousands of cases where normal individuals have injected themselves with insulin and have developed a life-threatening coma. In fact, insulin is a frequent drug use to kill people. SO before you think of injections with insulin, always have some orange juice or a sweet drink handy.
The majority of bodybuilders use the short acting insulin to build glycogen stores. Long acting insulin should never be used as its actions are prolonged. For those who have allergies to animal products, now there is recombinant manufactured insulin, which is quite safe.
The effects of insulin depend highly on where it is injected, individual response and the type of insulin used. One should never change insulin on a daily basis. This can lead to serious alterations in blood glucose, which can be fatal.
Since insulin is only recommended for patients with diabetes, the dose of insulin in normal people is unknown. There is no safe dose. The normal person does not have the same capacity to tolerate insulin like a diabetic. Those who use insulin for bodybuilding and use 1/10th the dose of very short acting insulin administered underneath the skin.
While insulin has always been given with syringes and needles, there are other new methods to administer the drug. There are pen-like injectors which work well and offer very rapid absorption after injection. However, these injectors are very expensive and can also lead to trauma to the skin.
One thing very serious about insulin is that it can cause blood sugars to drop. While this may not make a big difference in diabetics; in a normal individual, it can easily cause a coma. There are thousands of cases where normal individuals have injected themselves with insulin and have developed a life-threatening coma. In fact, insulin is a frequent drug use to kill people. SO before you think of injections with insulin, always have some orange juice or a sweet drink handy.
The majority of bodybuilders use the short acting insulin to build glycogen stores. Long acting insulin should never be used as its actions are prolonged. For those who have allergies to animal products, now there is recombinant manufactured insulin, which is quite safe.
The effects of insulin depend highly on where it is injected, individual response and the type of insulin used. One should never change insulin on a daily basis. This can lead to serious alterations in blood glucose, which can be fatal.
Since insulin is only recommended for patients with diabetes, the dose of insulin in normal people is unknown. There is no safe dose. The normal person does not have the same capacity to tolerate insulin like a diabetic. Those who use insulin for bodybuilding and use 1/10th the dose of very short acting insulin administered underneath the skin.
While insulin has always been given with syringes and needles, there are other new methods to administer the drug. There are pen-like injectors which work well and offer very rapid absorption after injection. However, these injectors are very expensive and can also lead to trauma to the skin.
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 4
BodyBuilders
Insulin promotes glucose storage and is considered by some to be an anabolic hormone. The glucose is converted to glycogen in the tissues and later used up when required. It is this property of insulin which is utilized to promote bursts of energy and muscle build up. Glycogen is always the first substance to be broken down when energy is required. During sports, if one has excess glycogen stored into tissues, this can be immediately released when there is a sudden need. Insulin always makes the body ready in case fuel is needed.
However, the effects of insulin are always counterbalanced by other hormones to make sure that the glycogen storage does not become excessive. The majority of people who take insulin for type 1 diabetics are not fat- thus refuting the belief that insulin can be used to build the body.
Many bodybuilders use insulin in combination in with growth hormone and thyroxine. GH potentiates the anabolic effects of insulin. It is believed that the combination of GH and insulin together act like Growth factors and can stimulate muscle mass growth.
Because bodybuilders take so many other steroids and a cocktail of health supplements, it is difficult to know which drug is causing the increase in muscle mass- but insulin alone does not build the body.
Insulin promotes glucose storage and is considered by some to be an anabolic hormone. The glucose is converted to glycogen in the tissues and later used up when required. It is this property of insulin which is utilized to promote bursts of energy and muscle build up. Glycogen is always the first substance to be broken down when energy is required. During sports, if one has excess glycogen stored into tissues, this can be immediately released when there is a sudden need. Insulin always makes the body ready in case fuel is needed.
However, the effects of insulin are always counterbalanced by other hormones to make sure that the glycogen storage does not become excessive. The majority of people who take insulin for type 1 diabetics are not fat- thus refuting the belief that insulin can be used to build the body.
Many bodybuilders use insulin in combination in with growth hormone and thyroxine. GH potentiates the anabolic effects of insulin. It is believed that the combination of GH and insulin together act like Growth factors and can stimulate muscle mass growth.
Because bodybuilders take so many other steroids and a cocktail of health supplements, it is difficult to know which drug is causing the increase in muscle mass- but insulin alone does not build the body.
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 3
Insulin doses
Insulin is measured in units and the vials come in either U100 or U500. If it says U100 then 100 units of insulin make up 1 ml. One must use the appropriate U100 syringes for injection.
Insulin can never be taken orally. It has to be injected underneath the skin. Most people are taught to inject themselves 2-4 times a day. Today, there are also insulin pumps available which release a little insulin as pre-programmed. Recently new insulin formulations have been developed which can be inhaled. The powdered insulin is inhaled using a special device. It is not recommended for use in smokers and those with lung problems, like asthma. (By the way, the inhaled insulin is now off the market)
Insulin should not be frozen but refrigerated. All insulin vials come with an expiration date. Before injecting insulin, always look at the vial. If the vial has changed color or is clumped, it is best to throw it away.
Insulin is measured in units and the vials come in either U100 or U500. If it says U100 then 100 units of insulin make up 1 ml. One must use the appropriate U100 syringes for injection.
Insulin can never be taken orally. It has to be injected underneath the skin. Most people are taught to inject themselves 2-4 times a day. Today, there are also insulin pumps available which release a little insulin as pre-programmed. Recently new insulin formulations have been developed which can be inhaled. The powdered insulin is inhaled using a special device. It is not recommended for use in smokers and those with lung problems, like asthma. (By the way, the inhaled insulin is now off the market)
Insulin should not be frozen but refrigerated. All insulin vials come with an expiration date. Before injecting insulin, always look at the vial. If the vial has changed color or is clumped, it is best to throw it away.
Insulin & the bodybuilder Part 2
Insulin formulations
Insulin today is available in various formulations depending on the duration of their actions. Some insulin is short acting and other formulations are long acting. The short acting insulin is generally used to lower blood sugars immediately after a meal, e.g. after eating breakfast. The intermediate insulin works slowly and is often used to treat blood sugar elevations that occur in the middle of the night or late afternoon.
Rapid acting insulin: There are several varieties of short acting insulin known as Insulin lispro, Aspart and Glulisine. These insulin formulations work immediately after injection and peak in 1 hour. The action lasts for a couple of hours.
Regular acting is clear insulin that works 30 mins after the injection. It peaks in 2-3 hours and work for about 3-6 hours
Intermediate also known as NPH is cloudy insulin. It starts to work in 2-4 hours and lasts for at least 10-14 hours
Long action insulin products are Glarine and Detemir. These formulations start to work in about 2 hours and remain in the body for at least 20-24 hours.
In most newly diagnosed diabetics, the blood sugars are analyzed daily for a few weeks and the best combination of insulin is prescribed. In the beginning there are frequent dose adjustments required for almost all patients. Factors which affect insulin dosing include stress, exercise, infection, other medicines, and degree of hyperglycemia.
Insulin today is available in various formulations depending on the duration of their actions. Some insulin is short acting and other formulations are long acting. The short acting insulin is generally used to lower blood sugars immediately after a meal, e.g. after eating breakfast. The intermediate insulin works slowly and is often used to treat blood sugar elevations that occur in the middle of the night or late afternoon.
Rapid acting insulin: There are several varieties of short acting insulin known as Insulin lispro, Aspart and Glulisine. These insulin formulations work immediately after injection and peak in 1 hour. The action lasts for a couple of hours.
Regular acting is clear insulin that works 30 mins after the injection. It peaks in 2-3 hours and work for about 3-6 hours
Intermediate also known as NPH is cloudy insulin. It starts to work in 2-4 hours and lasts for at least 10-14 hours
Long action insulin products are Glarine and Detemir. These formulations start to work in about 2 hours and remain in the body for at least 20-24 hours.
In most newly diagnosed diabetics, the blood sugars are analyzed daily for a few weeks and the best combination of insulin is prescribed. In the beginning there are frequent dose adjustments required for almost all patients. Factors which affect insulin dosing include stress, exercise, infection, other medicines, and degree of hyperglycemia.
Insulin & the bodybuilder
Physiology
Insulin is a small polypeptide hormone, which is synthesized and stored in the pancreas. Insulin is extremely important for the regulation of blood sugar. When blood sugar levels increase in the blood, the pancreas senses this and releases insulin. The insulin lowers the blood sugars by allowing it to enter the body cells where it is used up as energy.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder where the levels of insulin are either absent, low or the body has developed a resistance to it. In general, there are two subtypes of diabetes mellitus.
Type 1 diabetes is congenital and usually presents in childhood. In this disorder, the pancreas never makes the insulin. Most of these individuals are diagnosed in early childhood and need life long treatment with insulin.
In type 2 diabetes, the onset is in the 4th-5th decade of life or later. This disorder is most commonly seen in obese individuals. in people who do not exercise and those who eat a high sugar diet. The body does have insulin but in some cases the insulin is not adequate. In other cases, the body does develop a resistance to the normal insulin in the body and the sugars remain high. In type 2 diabetes, the recommended therapy is to exercise, lose weight, and take drugs, which can stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas.
Insulin is a small polypeptide hormone, which is synthesized and stored in the pancreas. Insulin is extremely important for the regulation of blood sugar. When blood sugar levels increase in the blood, the pancreas senses this and releases insulin. The insulin lowers the blood sugars by allowing it to enter the body cells where it is used up as energy.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder where the levels of insulin are either absent, low or the body has developed a resistance to it. In general, there are two subtypes of diabetes mellitus.
Type 1 diabetes is congenital and usually presents in childhood. In this disorder, the pancreas never makes the insulin. Most of these individuals are diagnosed in early childhood and need life long treatment with insulin.
In type 2 diabetes, the onset is in the 4th-5th decade of life or later. This disorder is most commonly seen in obese individuals. in people who do not exercise and those who eat a high sugar diet. The body does have insulin but in some cases the insulin is not adequate. In other cases, the body does develop a resistance to the normal insulin in the body and the sugars remain high. In type 2 diabetes, the recommended therapy is to exercise, lose weight, and take drugs, which can stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas.
Thursday, March 26, 2009
Sustanon and Bodybuilding Part 4
Women
There are also some women who take sustanol for body building. However, the drug is a potent androgen and can cause virilizing effects. The typical virilizing effects include deepening of voice, excess hair growth, clitoral enlargement and bone growth. Some of these virilizing effects are not reversible even when the drug is stopped
Availability
Unlike most other anabolic steroids, Sustanon is widely available on the black market. The drug is manufactured in Eastern Europe, Germany, Thailand, and México and there are also illegal laboratories in the USA who also manufacture the product. The vials of Sustanon come in various dosages. The 1000 mg vial costs anywhere from $ 10-$ 20. Like all anabolic steroids, there have been reports of fake and counterfeit products. The Mexican formulation of Sustanon is less expensive but again the quality and purity are questionable.
Legal
Sustanon is classified as a schedule 3 drug under the controlled substance act. It is not legally available in the USA. Possession, distribution or promotion of its sale is considered illegal.
Detection
One of the negative things about Sustanon is that it has a very long half life in the body. The steroid and its metabolites can be detected in the body for 1-4 months after the last injection. Sophisticated testing systems devised can even detect testosterone in the hair up to 4-6 months after use of the drug.
There are also some women who take sustanol for body building. However, the drug is a potent androgen and can cause virilizing effects. The typical virilizing effects include deepening of voice, excess hair growth, clitoral enlargement and bone growth. Some of these virilizing effects are not reversible even when the drug is stopped
Availability
Unlike most other anabolic steroids, Sustanon is widely available on the black market. The drug is manufactured in Eastern Europe, Germany, Thailand, and México and there are also illegal laboratories in the USA who also manufacture the product. The vials of Sustanon come in various dosages. The 1000 mg vial costs anywhere from $ 10-$ 20. Like all anabolic steroids, there have been reports of fake and counterfeit products. The Mexican formulation of Sustanon is less expensive but again the quality and purity are questionable.
Legal
Sustanon is classified as a schedule 3 drug under the controlled substance act. It is not legally available in the USA. Possession, distribution or promotion of its sale is considered illegal.
Detection
One of the negative things about Sustanon is that it has a very long half life in the body. The steroid and its metabolites can be detected in the body for 1-4 months after the last injection. Sophisticated testing systems devised can even detect testosterone in the hair up to 4-6 months after use of the drug.
Sustanon and Bodybuilding Part 3
Dose
Sustanon is only administered via an intramuscular injection. It is typically injected in the buttock area every week. The dose of Sustanon usually starts off at 250 mg/week and gradually increased during each cycle. Some athletes use doses as high as 1000 mg/week. Once injected, Sustanon remains in the body for about a month. For the majority of body builders, a dose of 250-500 mg/week should be sufficient.
Side effects
Like all anabolic steroid, Sustanon also has side effects. Even though the side effects are rare, most builders will develop them when the drug is used for a long time. The most common side effects include:
- general fatigue
- mood changes- depression, anger, anxiety, insomnia
- gynecomastia
- hair loss
- impotence
- retention of water
- changes in liver enzymes
- liver masses
- testicular atrophy
- acne, oily skin
The majority of these side effects reverse when the drug is stopped. It is important that all individuals who use anabolic steroids have a follow up with a physician to monitor their liver. Rare cases of liver failure and cancers have been reported.
Sustanon is only administered via an intramuscular injection. It is typically injected in the buttock area every week. The dose of Sustanon usually starts off at 250 mg/week and gradually increased during each cycle. Some athletes use doses as high as 1000 mg/week. Once injected, Sustanon remains in the body for about a month. For the majority of body builders, a dose of 250-500 mg/week should be sufficient.
Side effects
Like all anabolic steroid, Sustanon also has side effects. Even though the side effects are rare, most builders will develop them when the drug is used for a long time. The most common side effects include:
- general fatigue
- mood changes- depression, anger, anxiety, insomnia
- gynecomastia
- hair loss
- impotence
- retention of water
- changes in liver enzymes
- liver masses
- testicular atrophy
- acne, oily skin
The majority of these side effects reverse when the drug is stopped. It is important that all individuals who use anabolic steroids have a follow up with a physician to monitor their liver. Rare cases of liver failure and cancers have been reported.
Sustanon and Bodybuilding Part 2
Body building
Sustanon has been used widely by bodybuilders in the past. Why this testosterone formulation is preferred by some is not well understood. Some claim that there is less water retention and more muscle build up. However, like all testosterone products, Sustanon is converted to estrogen in the body and can cause gynecomastia and water retention. To get rid of the water many builders also use diuretic medications. Many bodybuilders use a combination of Sustanon, growth home or thyroxin during the stacking phase.
Sustanon is taken for 4 weeks and then a wash out phase is undertaken. During the wash out phase, some athletes take clomiphene, tamoxifen or Arimidex. Because the Sustanon suppresses the hypothalamic pituitary axis, a profound suppression of testosterone synthesis in the body occurs. For this reason it is important to taper off the drug slowly. It is recommended that one take 1-2 injections a month and then stop for a month. During the wash out phase, a mild anabolic steroid can be used, or one can use growth hormone/thyroxin.
The weight gain is gradual but significant. Most builders can expect weight gain of at least 15-25 lbs in 2-3 cycles (months). The other aspect of Sustanon which has been observed is that it can significantly increase exercise endurance and provides for spontaneous bursts of energy. This has been linked to its effect on the red blood cells and the increased oxygen carrying capacity. Others claim that Sustanon can also increase the recovery time following an injury.
Because of its very long half life, Sustanon is best used during the off season.
Sustanon has been used widely by bodybuilders in the past. Why this testosterone formulation is preferred by some is not well understood. Some claim that there is less water retention and more muscle build up. However, like all testosterone products, Sustanon is converted to estrogen in the body and can cause gynecomastia and water retention. To get rid of the water many builders also use diuretic medications. Many bodybuilders use a combination of Sustanon, growth home or thyroxin during the stacking phase.
Sustanon is taken for 4 weeks and then a wash out phase is undertaken. During the wash out phase, some athletes take clomiphene, tamoxifen or Arimidex. Because the Sustanon suppresses the hypothalamic pituitary axis, a profound suppression of testosterone synthesis in the body occurs. For this reason it is important to taper off the drug slowly. It is recommended that one take 1-2 injections a month and then stop for a month. During the wash out phase, a mild anabolic steroid can be used, or one can use growth hormone/thyroxin.
The weight gain is gradual but significant. Most builders can expect weight gain of at least 15-25 lbs in 2-3 cycles (months). The other aspect of Sustanon which has been observed is that it can significantly increase exercise endurance and provides for spontaneous bursts of energy. This has been linked to its effect on the red blood cells and the increased oxygen carrying capacity. Others claim that Sustanon can also increase the recovery time following an injury.
Because of its very long half life, Sustanon is best used during the off season.
Sustanon and Bodybuilding
Sustanon 250 (testosterone blend)
Sustanon is a generic name for an oil based formulation of testosterone. In essence it is a mixture of testosterone propionate (30mg), testosterone phenylpropionate (60mg), testosterone isocaproate (60 mg) and testosterone decanoate (100mg). The different proportions of the esterified mixtures provide different half lives. This provides for a continuous release of testosterone from the injected site.
Sustanon was once widely used for the treatment of a few medical disorders in Europe. The drug was useful to treat infertility and administered once a month.
While Sustanon has been heavily touted by athletes and bodybuilders as a drug of choice, a single formulation of testosterone enanthate or Cypionate can do the same thing. The combination of esters is better suited for the treatment of medical disorders and not for bodybuilders. One negative aspect about Sustanon is that it does remain in the body for a very long time and can be easily detected in the urine.
Besides being an anabolic agent, Sustanon also has the ability to increase the production of red blood cells. This results in more oxygen carrying capacity and hence more exercise endurance.
Sustanon is a generic name for an oil based formulation of testosterone. In essence it is a mixture of testosterone propionate (30mg), testosterone phenylpropionate (60mg), testosterone isocaproate (60 mg) and testosterone decanoate (100mg). The different proportions of the esterified mixtures provide different half lives. This provides for a continuous release of testosterone from the injected site.
Sustanon was once widely used for the treatment of a few medical disorders in Europe. The drug was useful to treat infertility and administered once a month.
While Sustanon has been heavily touted by athletes and bodybuilders as a drug of choice, a single formulation of testosterone enanthate or Cypionate can do the same thing. The combination of esters is better suited for the treatment of medical disorders and not for bodybuilders. One negative aspect about Sustanon is that it does remain in the body for a very long time and can be easily detected in the urine.
Besides being an anabolic agent, Sustanon also has the ability to increase the production of red blood cells. This results in more oxygen carrying capacity and hence more exercise endurance.
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 7
Mood changes
The other major side effect of Clomid is mood changes. There are many reports that women who have taken this drug for long periods develop a variety of behavior problems ranging from severe depression, anger, anxiety and aggression. Other changes also reported include paranoia, restlessness and insomnia.
Despite the worrisome side effects in some individuals, studies from many clinical trials show that these side effects occur in less than 1% of women. There are no hard numbers on how many bodybuilders suffer from these adverse effects.
Cost
While Clomid requires a physician’s prescription for use in the treatment for infertility, the product is also widely available all over the internet-without a prescription. The cost of clomiphene is variable. The average cost for 100 pills (25-50 mg) cost anywhere from $ 50-100.
Levels and Detection
Clomiphene is readily available for anyone who wants to use it. However, all sporting organizations have banned the use of this drug in professional sports. The drug is easily identified in the urine for at least 5-12 days after use. In fact, the testing for clomiphene is very sophisticated and some laboratories even measure the levels of testosterone, estrogen, their metabolites and determine the ratio. When a certain ratio is seen, abuse with clomiphene is suspected.
The other major side effect of Clomid is mood changes. There are many reports that women who have taken this drug for long periods develop a variety of behavior problems ranging from severe depression, anger, anxiety and aggression. Other changes also reported include paranoia, restlessness and insomnia.
Despite the worrisome side effects in some individuals, studies from many clinical trials show that these side effects occur in less than 1% of women. There are no hard numbers on how many bodybuilders suffer from these adverse effects.
Cost
While Clomid requires a physician’s prescription for use in the treatment for infertility, the product is also widely available all over the internet-without a prescription. The cost of clomiphene is variable. The average cost for 100 pills (25-50 mg) cost anywhere from $ 50-100.
Levels and Detection
Clomiphene is readily available for anyone who wants to use it. However, all sporting organizations have banned the use of this drug in professional sports. The drug is easily identified in the urine for at least 5-12 days after use. In fact, the testing for clomiphene is very sophisticated and some laboratories even measure the levels of testosterone, estrogen, their metabolites and determine the ratio. When a certain ratio is seen, abuse with clomiphene is suspected.
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 6
Side effects
At the recommended doses for the short duration, Clomid is generally safe. The majority of adverse reactions that occur are transient and disappear once the treatment is stopped.
The most common side effects include the following:
- flushing
- abdominal discomfort
- nausea, vomiting
- breast tenderness
- headaches
- abnormal vaginal bleeding
- general fatigue
- hair loss
Visual Symptoms
Because Clomid acts on the brain, there is one side effect which is of great concern. By blocking the estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus causes release of stimulating factors to urge the pituitary to release the gonadotrophins. The pituitary gland is a small pea size gland which sits on top of the nerves going to the eye. As the pituitary gland is hyperstimulated, it’s size is increased. This results in compression of the nerves going to the eye. There have been many reports of visual changes in individuals who have taken Clomid for a long time.
The vision changes vary from floaters, loss of partial vision, blurring, flashes, or clouding of the vision. These changes generally occur after long term use of clomid but there are reports that some individuals have developed these effects after only 7-10 days of use. Many of these vision changes occur spontaneously and thus, driving or operating machinery can be very hazardous.
In the majority of cases, these vision changes have been reversed when the Clomid is stopped. The instant one develops vision changes, the drug should be discontinued and a visit to an ophthalmologist is highly recommended.
At the recommended doses for the short duration, Clomid is generally safe. The majority of adverse reactions that occur are transient and disappear once the treatment is stopped.
The most common side effects include the following:
- flushing
- abdominal discomfort
- nausea, vomiting
- breast tenderness
- headaches
- abnormal vaginal bleeding
- general fatigue
- hair loss
Visual Symptoms
Because Clomid acts on the brain, there is one side effect which is of great concern. By blocking the estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus causes release of stimulating factors to urge the pituitary to release the gonadotrophins. The pituitary gland is a small pea size gland which sits on top of the nerves going to the eye. As the pituitary gland is hyperstimulated, it’s size is increased. This results in compression of the nerves going to the eye. There have been many reports of visual changes in individuals who have taken Clomid for a long time.
The vision changes vary from floaters, loss of partial vision, blurring, flashes, or clouding of the vision. These changes generally occur after long term use of clomid but there are reports that some individuals have developed these effects after only 7-10 days of use. Many of these vision changes occur spontaneously and thus, driving or operating machinery can be very hazardous.
In the majority of cases, these vision changes have been reversed when the Clomid is stopped. The instant one develops vision changes, the drug should be discontinued and a visit to an ophthalmologist is highly recommended.
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 5
Clomid Dosing for Athletes
Clomid is only taken once a day. Experts in the field of body building suggest that it be used alone or in combination with low potency anabolic steroids. Most body builders take anabolic steroids for a few months and then switch over to Clomid. The Clomid provides the surge in testosterone and also prevents the development of breast enlargement. The exact timing of when to start Clomid is not known but it is recommended that once the steroid drugs are stopped, Clomid should be started within 7-10 days.
A great many athletes and body builders do take Clomid, but the selection of dosage is very variable. While the drug is not recommended for body building, the dose has been empirically worked out. Most bodybuilders take anywhere from 50-100 mg/day of clomiphene for a 2 week period. Some bodybuilders recommend increasing the dose to 100 mg/day if no effects are seen. After the third week, Clomid should be stopped. This cycling phase has been developed by past body builders.
Since no physicians recommend Clomid for body building purposes, it is hard to get proper medical advice on this drug. In any case, if you have doubts one may want to get advice from fertility experts who have the best knowledge about this drug.
The exact duration of Clomid is not known. There are no long-term data on the drug. In general one should avoid taking Clomid for pronged periods
Clomid is only taken once a day. Experts in the field of body building suggest that it be used alone or in combination with low potency anabolic steroids. Most body builders take anabolic steroids for a few months and then switch over to Clomid. The Clomid provides the surge in testosterone and also prevents the development of breast enlargement. The exact timing of when to start Clomid is not known but it is recommended that once the steroid drugs are stopped, Clomid should be started within 7-10 days.
A great many athletes and body builders do take Clomid, but the selection of dosage is very variable. While the drug is not recommended for body building, the dose has been empirically worked out. Most bodybuilders take anywhere from 50-100 mg/day of clomiphene for a 2 week period. Some bodybuilders recommend increasing the dose to 100 mg/day if no effects are seen. After the third week, Clomid should be stopped. This cycling phase has been developed by past body builders.
Since no physicians recommend Clomid for body building purposes, it is hard to get proper medical advice on this drug. In any case, if you have doubts one may want to get advice from fertility experts who have the best knowledge about this drug.
The exact duration of Clomid is not known. There are no long-term data on the drug. In general one should avoid taking Clomid for pronged periods
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 4
Body building
Clomid is also widely abused by both amateur and professional athletes. This same group of individuals abuses a whole range of other chemicals like anabolic steroids, HCG, tamoxifen, thyroid hormone, etc. Unlike other anabolic steroids or hormones, Clomid does not suppress the levels of testosterone- by causing a surge in LH; it increases the levels of testosterone.
Almost all anabolic steroids have both androgenic and anabolic properties. In some cases, the anabolic steroids also have mild estrogen stimulating activity. Further, some anabolic steroids are also converted in the fatty tissues by the enzyme aromatase to the female sex hormone, estrogen. The estrogen is responsible as the cause of gynecomastia in body builders. While bodybuilders and athletes want to show of their bodies, they seldom want to brag about their boobs. So Clomid is used to block the development of gynecomastia. By blocking the estrogen receptors, it will limit the gynecomastia seen with anabolic steroids.
Further, since Clomid blocks the estrogen receptors in the brain, the hypothalamus sends a surge of releasing factors LH and FSH to promote more synthesis of the sex hormones. The LH and FSH also act on the testes and this results in further synthesis of testosterone- which provides an extra boost for the athlete. Some body builders only take Clomid for the anabolic effects, whereas others combine it with a cocktail of other steroids and growth hormone.
Clomid is also widely abused by both amateur and professional athletes. This same group of individuals abuses a whole range of other chemicals like anabolic steroids, HCG, tamoxifen, thyroid hormone, etc. Unlike other anabolic steroids or hormones, Clomid does not suppress the levels of testosterone- by causing a surge in LH; it increases the levels of testosterone.
Almost all anabolic steroids have both androgenic and anabolic properties. In some cases, the anabolic steroids also have mild estrogen stimulating activity. Further, some anabolic steroids are also converted in the fatty tissues by the enzyme aromatase to the female sex hormone, estrogen. The estrogen is responsible as the cause of gynecomastia in body builders. While bodybuilders and athletes want to show of their bodies, they seldom want to brag about their boobs. So Clomid is used to block the development of gynecomastia. By blocking the estrogen receptors, it will limit the gynecomastia seen with anabolic steroids.
Further, since Clomid blocks the estrogen receptors in the brain, the hypothalamus sends a surge of releasing factors LH and FSH to promote more synthesis of the sex hormones. The LH and FSH also act on the testes and this results in further synthesis of testosterone- which provides an extra boost for the athlete. Some body builders only take Clomid for the anabolic effects, whereas others combine it with a cocktail of other steroids and growth hormone.
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 3
Prescription Dosage for infertility
Clomiphene is a large molecule, which is soluble in most organic solvents like alcohol. The sodium salt citrate is also soluble in water. The chemical is odorless. Clomiphene comes as a 50 mg tablet.
Patients who receive Clomid must have been fully worked up for all gynecological and endocrine disorders prior to therapy. Ovulation typically occurs 5-10 days after starting Clomid. This coitus should be timed to coincide with the expected time of ovulation.
Clomid is started out at 50 mg/day for 5 days. This dose can be increased in females who do not ovulate.
Clomiphene is a large molecule, which is soluble in most organic solvents like alcohol. The sodium salt citrate is also soluble in water. The chemical is odorless. Clomiphene comes as a 50 mg tablet.
Patients who receive Clomid must have been fully worked up for all gynecological and endocrine disorders prior to therapy. Ovulation typically occurs 5-10 days after starting Clomid. This coitus should be timed to coincide with the expected time of ovulation.
Clomid is started out at 50 mg/day for 5 days. This dose can be increased in females who do not ovulate.
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 2
Mode of Action
Clomid is a very potent drug. However, with proper dose selection and short term therapy it can help infertile women. Clomiphene mimics estrogen in its actions. It has the ability to interacts with estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and block these sites. The brain than thinks there is a low amount of estrone in the body and causes a surge in the levels of Gonadotropins which hyperstimulates the ovary to make more estrogen. This results in an increase in steroid synthesis in both the adrenal and ovaries. The surge in estrogen is important for fertilization to take place.
Indications
Clomid is only recommended for use in women with ovulatory dysfunction but also meet the following requirements:
- the female is not pregnant at the time
- Absence of ovarian cysts. An ultrasound is done on each
female to rule out ovarian enlargement prior to therapy
- There should be no vaginal bleeding. If vaginal bleeding
is present, the female should be thoroughly examined to
ensure there is no evidence of a cancer
- all patients should have normal liver function tests
While Clomid has met with some success in females with ovulatory dysfunction, it has not been well studied in male infertility. Clomid has occasionally been tried out in Europe and the USA to treat males with fertility disorders. Clomid has been shown to promote the surge of LH, FSH with resulting increase in sperm count. However, these are isolated case reports and the therapy was only for a few months.
No discernible side effects have been observed in these isolated case reports. However, there is concern that long term therapy with clomiphene in males may be associated with the development of testicular tumors and mild gynecomastia.
Clomid is a very potent drug. However, with proper dose selection and short term therapy it can help infertile women. Clomiphene mimics estrogen in its actions. It has the ability to interacts with estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and block these sites. The brain than thinks there is a low amount of estrone in the body and causes a surge in the levels of Gonadotropins which hyperstimulates the ovary to make more estrogen. This results in an increase in steroid synthesis in both the adrenal and ovaries. The surge in estrogen is important for fertilization to take place.
Indications
Clomid is only recommended for use in women with ovulatory dysfunction but also meet the following requirements:
- the female is not pregnant at the time
- Absence of ovarian cysts. An ultrasound is done on each
female to rule out ovarian enlargement prior to therapy
- There should be no vaginal bleeding. If vaginal bleeding
is present, the female should be thoroughly examined to
ensure there is no evidence of a cancer
- all patients should have normal liver function tests
While Clomid has met with some success in females with ovulatory dysfunction, it has not been well studied in male infertility. Clomid has occasionally been tried out in Europe and the USA to treat males with fertility disorders. Clomid has been shown to promote the surge of LH, FSH with resulting increase in sperm count. However, these are isolated case reports and the therapy was only for a few months.
No discernible side effects have been observed in these isolated case reports. However, there is concern that long term therapy with clomiphene in males may be associated with the development of testicular tumors and mild gynecomastia.
Clomid and BodyBuilding Part 1
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is a synthetic non-steroidal drug that is very similar in structure to estrogen. It is widely used as an ovulatory stimulant. Because of its similarity to estrogen, it can bind to the estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. This blocks the hypothalamus from sensing “real” estrogen and the hypothalamus in turn acts by stimulating the pituitary to release more Gonadotropins like FSH and LH. The FSH and LH stimulate the ovaries/testes to produce more estrogen/testosterone. This property of clomiphene has been widely used to treat women with ovarian failure and induce ovulation. However, long term use (> 1-2 years) of this drug may not be safe because of the increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Pharmacology
Clomid is recommended for the treatment of women who have ovulatory dysfunction. Many women who fail to get pregnant have been found to have dysfunction in the ovulation cycle. Women with ovulation problems include those with polycystic ovarian syndrome and some with unknown causes of amenorrhea. Clomid is only prescribed after a thorough evaluation of the menstrual cycle is done to determine where the problem occurs.
To achieve ovulation with Clomid, timing is of great importance. The woman’s body temperature is monitored and blood work is done to determine if ovulation has occurred. Once ovulation is established, Clomid is started. In general Clomid is started on or about the 5th day of the cycle. Clomid is generally administered for 3-6 cycles. Long term therapy is not recommended
Pharmacology
Clomid is recommended for the treatment of women who have ovulatory dysfunction. Many women who fail to get pregnant have been found to have dysfunction in the ovulation cycle. Women with ovulation problems include those with polycystic ovarian syndrome and some with unknown causes of amenorrhea. Clomid is only prescribed after a thorough evaluation of the menstrual cycle is done to determine where the problem occurs.
To achieve ovulation with Clomid, timing is of great importance. The woman’s body temperature is monitored and blood work is done to determine if ovulation has occurred. Once ovulation is established, Clomid is started. In general Clomid is started on or about the 5th day of the cycle. Clomid is generally administered for 3-6 cycles. Long term therapy is not recommended
Sunday, March 22, 2009
Masking of steroids with Probenecid? Part 3
Facts about probenecid
There is a lot of literature on probenecid and use in body building. However, there are a lot of myths and false beliefs about this drug.
The Facts
Probenecid can be used to treat gout and works well.
Probenecid is widely used by many athletes to mask the presence of steroids
Probenecid does not completely block the excretion of all steroids
To block the excretion of anabolic steroids, one has to take 3-5 times the dose of probenecid a few hours prior to testing
No one knows what the exact dose of probenecid is for the complete blockage of anabolic steroids
Even if one takes probenecid, trace amounts of the anabolic steroid can easily be detected with the sophisticated detection methods available today
Now the sporting agencies check for probenecid in the urine. If it shows up, you are in big s..t.
Probenecid has been banned by most sporting agencies
Since the half life of probenecid is about 4-6 hours, it is only effective if it is ingested just before testing takes place. Thus, some bodybuilders continue to take the drug before and after the sports event.
Many athletes have been caught with probenecid in the urine and thus today, detection of probenecid in the urine is illegal in sports
Small doses of probenecid do not work
While one may be able to hide the anabolic steroid use, the detection of probenecid is very simple. Moreover, if probenecid is detected in the urine, you go home empty (but have the nickname cheater written on you).
For all bodybuilders who wish to mask the use of anabolic steroids, there are many treatments touted over the internet. The majority of these methods are junk science and do not work. The only sure way to hide the use of anabolic steroids is not to take them in the first place.
There is a lot of literature on probenecid and use in body building. However, there are a lot of myths and false beliefs about this drug.
The Facts
Probenecid can be used to treat gout and works well.
Probenecid is widely used by many athletes to mask the presence of steroids
Probenecid does not completely block the excretion of all steroids
To block the excretion of anabolic steroids, one has to take 3-5 times the dose of probenecid a few hours prior to testing
No one knows what the exact dose of probenecid is for the complete blockage of anabolic steroids
Even if one takes probenecid, trace amounts of the anabolic steroid can easily be detected with the sophisticated detection methods available today
Now the sporting agencies check for probenecid in the urine. If it shows up, you are in big s..t.
Probenecid has been banned by most sporting agencies
Since the half life of probenecid is about 4-6 hours, it is only effective if it is ingested just before testing takes place. Thus, some bodybuilders continue to take the drug before and after the sports event.
Many athletes have been caught with probenecid in the urine and thus today, detection of probenecid in the urine is illegal in sports
Small doses of probenecid do not work
While one may be able to hide the anabolic steroid use, the detection of probenecid is very simple. Moreover, if probenecid is detected in the urine, you go home empty (but have the nickname cheater written on you).
For all bodybuilders who wish to mask the use of anabolic steroids, there are many treatments touted over the internet. The majority of these methods are junk science and do not work. The only sure way to hide the use of anabolic steroids is not to take them in the first place.
Masking of steroids with Probenecid? Part 2
Dose
For adult the typical dose of probenecid is 250 mg twice a day for a few weeks. Some people may need high doses to completely block the excretion of uric acid.
Side effects
Probenecid is a relatively safe drug. Very rarely it may cause headaches or a warm body sensation. Wheezing and a feeling of tightness around the chest have also been reported.
This property of probenecid in blocking the excretion of drugs has often been utilized by bodybuilders to prevent excretion of anabolic steroids in the urine. What this means is that if someone takes a steroid and probenecid at the same time, the anabolic steroid will remain in the body and won’t be excreted in the urine. Thus, the steroid will not be detected in the urine.
In the past, probenecid has often been called a steroid masking agent. The drug does prevent the excretion of certain steroids into the urine and the urine test will be negative. However, probenecid itself gets into the urine and here lies the problem.
For adult the typical dose of probenecid is 250 mg twice a day for a few weeks. Some people may need high doses to completely block the excretion of uric acid.
Side effects
Probenecid is a relatively safe drug. Very rarely it may cause headaches or a warm body sensation. Wheezing and a feeling of tightness around the chest have also been reported.
This property of probenecid in blocking the excretion of drugs has often been utilized by bodybuilders to prevent excretion of anabolic steroids in the urine. What this means is that if someone takes a steroid and probenecid at the same time, the anabolic steroid will remain in the body and won’t be excreted in the urine. Thus, the steroid will not be detected in the urine.
In the past, probenecid has often been called a steroid masking agent. The drug does prevent the excretion of certain steroids into the urine and the urine test will be negative. However, probenecid itself gets into the urine and here lies the problem.
Masking of steroids with Probenecid?
Probenecid is often also known as a uricosuric drug- meaning that it can remove uric acid from the body and excrete it into the urine. Probenecid was once widely used to treat gout. It works on the kidney and has the ability to block the excretion of several drugs.
For instance, if a patient took a drug A to cure an illness and if this drug was rapidly excreted in the urine, it would be a total waste of money. Therefore, sometimes physicians add probenecid to the regimen - it blocks the excretion of drug A. The drug A then stays in the body for a long time and is no longer excreted in the urine.
In medicine, probenecid is sometimes used with several types of antibiotics to make them more effective in the treatment of infections. Probenecid does not make the antibiotics more potent, but simply blocks their excretion in the urine. This then allows for the drug to remain in the body for a long time.
Probenecid is only available with a prescription and can be taken orally
For instance, if a patient took a drug A to cure an illness and if this drug was rapidly excreted in the urine, it would be a total waste of money. Therefore, sometimes physicians add probenecid to the regimen - it blocks the excretion of drug A. The drug A then stays in the body for a long time and is no longer excreted in the urine.
In medicine, probenecid is sometimes used with several types of antibiotics to make them more effective in the treatment of infections. Probenecid does not make the antibiotics more potent, but simply blocks their excretion in the urine. This then allows for the drug to remain in the body for a long time.
Probenecid is only available with a prescription and can be taken orally
Friday, March 20, 2009
Muscle milk Part 4
Dosing
Muscle milk is a high calorie beverage and not a pharmaceutical medication. It is available without a prescription and can be consumed anytime of the day. There are some body builders who suggest drinking the milk 30 mins prior to a work out. Others suggest a drink before and after a work out. Some individuals claim that drinking muscle milk at scheduled times prevents protein breakdown because the milk provides the energy for exercise. All this is nonsense. You can drink the milk any time of the day.
The most common approach is to drink the muscle milk 3-4 times a day. The muscle milk comes in various flavors such vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, root beer, orange, mocha, peanut, etc. Most of the health stores sell the milk as a powder which can be dissolved in water or any liquid. Some people like it cold, others drink it at room temperature. Muscle milk is also available as a ready made drink- but is more expensive.
Each muscle milk drink provides about 350 calories. Besides the usual fat, carbohydrates and proteins, the drink contains an assortment of vitamins, nutrient, minerals, copper, zinc, chromium and soy.
Cost of the Milk Supplement
The muscle milk comes as a powder which can be dissolved in water or milk. Everyone seems to have favorite beverage in which they dissolve the milk powder. A 2.48 lb contains about 15 servings. The price of muscle milk varies depending on the flavor and size. Expect to pay anywhere from $ 23-$30 for a 2.48 lb packet.
Final Word
Remember, the world of nutrition and body building is a billion dollar industry. People will sell you anything under the sun to make money- and in most cases a lot of things are simply much ado about nothing.
Muscle milk is a high calorie beverage and not a pharmaceutical medication. It is available without a prescription and can be consumed anytime of the day. There are some body builders who suggest drinking the milk 30 mins prior to a work out. Others suggest a drink before and after a work out. Some individuals claim that drinking muscle milk at scheduled times prevents protein breakdown because the milk provides the energy for exercise. All this is nonsense. You can drink the milk any time of the day.
The most common approach is to drink the muscle milk 3-4 times a day. The muscle milk comes in various flavors such vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, root beer, orange, mocha, peanut, etc. Most of the health stores sell the milk as a powder which can be dissolved in water or any liquid. Some people like it cold, others drink it at room temperature. Muscle milk is also available as a ready made drink- but is more expensive.
Each muscle milk drink provides about 350 calories. Besides the usual fat, carbohydrates and proteins, the drink contains an assortment of vitamins, nutrient, minerals, copper, zinc, chromium and soy.
Cost of the Milk Supplement
The muscle milk comes as a powder which can be dissolved in water or milk. Everyone seems to have favorite beverage in which they dissolve the milk powder. A 2.48 lb contains about 15 servings. The price of muscle milk varies depending on the flavor and size. Expect to pay anywhere from $ 23-$30 for a 2.48 lb packet.
Final Word
Remember, the world of nutrition and body building is a billion dollar industry. People will sell you anything under the sun to make money- and in most cases a lot of things are simply much ado about nothing.
Muscle milk Part 3
Muscle Milk and BodyBuilding
There is no doubt that muscle milk can add calories to your diet, but it is not an anabolic agent. To build the body, one needs an exercise regimen to compliment the muscle milk. If a person simply drinks muscle milk and does not exercise, he/she will get fat.
The sellers of muscle milk seem to propagate a myth that simply drinking this milk product every day will give you a body like Mr. Schwarzneger- in truth you will end up more like Butterball. While the milk is high in calories, it definitely won’t build your body without adding a fitness program to the regimen. Most body builders also take a variety of anabolic steroids/GH/thyroxin with muscle milk. On its own, muscle milk is no different from the milk shake you get from McDonald’s.
There is zero evidence that muscle milk on its own can increase muscle mass or improve exercise performance. The muscle milk is simply made up of proteins, carbohydrates and fat. It does not contain any type of anabolic steroid or a drug which can increase muscle mass or burn your fat.
Conflicting views
While there are some body builders who think muscle milk is great, there are also others who think that the product is overrated and useless. Not everyone claims that the drink is refreshing and tasty. And not all people who drink this product have good results. But there is some scientific evidence that drinking high calorie beverages can help one recover after injury and improve exercise performance. There have been many other pharmacological effects attributed to muscle milk- such as the ability to diminish pain, promote selective protein synthesis and oxidize the fat- all without any scientific backing.
There is no doubt that muscle milk can add calories to your diet, but it is not an anabolic agent. To build the body, one needs an exercise regimen to compliment the muscle milk. If a person simply drinks muscle milk and does not exercise, he/she will get fat.
The sellers of muscle milk seem to propagate a myth that simply drinking this milk product every day will give you a body like Mr. Schwarzneger- in truth you will end up more like Butterball. While the milk is high in calories, it definitely won’t build your body without adding a fitness program to the regimen. Most body builders also take a variety of anabolic steroids/GH/thyroxin with muscle milk. On its own, muscle milk is no different from the milk shake you get from McDonald’s.
There is zero evidence that muscle milk on its own can increase muscle mass or improve exercise performance. The muscle milk is simply made up of proteins, carbohydrates and fat. It does not contain any type of anabolic steroid or a drug which can increase muscle mass or burn your fat.
Conflicting views
While there are some body builders who think muscle milk is great, there are also others who think that the product is overrated and useless. Not everyone claims that the drink is refreshing and tasty. And not all people who drink this product have good results. But there is some scientific evidence that drinking high calorie beverages can help one recover after injury and improve exercise performance. There have been many other pharmacological effects attributed to muscle milk- such as the ability to diminish pain, promote selective protein synthesis and oxidize the fat- all without any scientific backing.
Muscle milk Part 2
Physiology
There is a lot of hype made about muscle milk and what it can do- the fact is that it is simply a drink with a lots of calories. It has no anabolic properties nor is it androgenic. These high calories drinks were first devised to help individuals who were ill in hospital gain weight. And now all of a sudden, the internet is inundated with sites that sell this product; and each and every one of them has exorbitant claims about the product. One can drink all the muscle milk you want but without exercise you will end up being plump.
Muscle milk is just one of the high energy drinks around. There are many others like it. A simple analogy is a milk shake from any of the fast food stores. Muscle milk contains 32 g of protein, 12 g of carbohydrates and about 18 g of fat. This many calories can help the athlete boost his fuel supplies for a few hours during and after exercise.
Many sellers of the muscle milk have further subcategorized the contents of muscle milk as having anti oxidant properties, reversing heart disease, changing body physique, increasing libido, improving endurance, developing better skin, etc, etc- and each and everyone of these claims is scientifically unsubstantiated. Muscle milk does not selectively only increase protein or promote fat loss. The aim of the drink is to supply calories- and when you take more than what you expend, you are bound to gain weight.
There is however, some evidence that individuals who have been drinking high calories drinks have a much faster ability to repair muscle.
There is a lot of hype made about muscle milk and what it can do- the fact is that it is simply a drink with a lots of calories. It has no anabolic properties nor is it androgenic. These high calories drinks were first devised to help individuals who were ill in hospital gain weight. And now all of a sudden, the internet is inundated with sites that sell this product; and each and every one of them has exorbitant claims about the product. One can drink all the muscle milk you want but without exercise you will end up being plump.
Muscle milk is just one of the high energy drinks around. There are many others like it. A simple analogy is a milk shake from any of the fast food stores. Muscle milk contains 32 g of protein, 12 g of carbohydrates and about 18 g of fat. This many calories can help the athlete boost his fuel supplies for a few hours during and after exercise.
Many sellers of the muscle milk have further subcategorized the contents of muscle milk as having anti oxidant properties, reversing heart disease, changing body physique, increasing libido, improving endurance, developing better skin, etc, etc- and each and everyone of these claims is scientifically unsubstantiated. Muscle milk does not selectively only increase protein or promote fat loss. The aim of the drink is to supply calories- and when you take more than what you expend, you are bound to gain weight.
There is however, some evidence that individuals who have been drinking high calories drinks have a much faster ability to repair muscle.
Muscle milk
The world of sports is constantly being bombarded with newer and fancier health supplement products on a daily basis. The sudden urge to build bodies, run faster, jumper higher and win at all costs has everyone searching for the ultimate food product- and now we have muscle milk.
This high calorie product is nothing new in the field of nutrition. Such supplements have been around for decades. High calorie beverages have been recommended for individuals who need to gain weight in a hospital setting for over 40 years.
These nutritious and high calorie milk products have been used to treat patients recovering from surgery, malnutrition and those who have suffered weight loss from any number of medical causes.
This high calorie product is nothing new in the field of nutrition. Such supplements have been around for decades. High calorie beverages have been recommended for individuals who need to gain weight in a hospital setting for over 40 years.
These nutritious and high calorie milk products have been used to treat patients recovering from surgery, malnutrition and those who have suffered weight loss from any number of medical causes.
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 7
Common street names of GHB
Blue nitro
Cherry fX bombs
Cherry meth
Easy lay Everclear
Firewater
Gamma G
Georgia homeboy
G.H. revitalizer
Gib
Goops Nature's quaalude
Great hormones at bedtime
Grievous bodily harm
G-riffick
Growth hormone booster
Insom-X
Invigorate
Lemon fX drops
Liquid ecstasy
Liquid X
Liquid E
Organic quaalude
Orange fX rush
Oxy-sleep
Poor man's heroin
Blue nitro
Cherry fX bombs
Cherry meth
Easy lay Everclear
Firewater
Gamma G
Georgia homeboy
G.H. revitalizer
Gib
Goops Nature's quaalude
Great hormones at bedtime
Grievous bodily harm
G-riffick
Growth hormone booster
Insom-X
Invigorate
Lemon fX drops
Liquid ecstasy
Liquid X
Liquid E
Organic quaalude
Orange fX rush
Oxy-sleep
Poor man's heroin
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 6
Synthesis
GHB is one of the easiest chemicals to synthesize. The manufacture of GHB is a multi million dollar industry and the business of selling the final product is very lucrative.
GHB is synthesized from the precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). GBL is a solvent found in numerous household products including floor cleaning products, nail polish, varnishes, and superglue removers. Combining the lactone with sodium hydroxide results in formation of GHB. However, this simple method does have many problems including the presence of large amount of lye in the mixture. Ingestion of lye can cause severe burns of the throat and stomach. GBL can also be converted to GHB in the body. GBL is more bioavailable and more potent than GHB on an equimolar basis.
Dose
GHB is available as a liquid, tablet or powder. On the street, GHB generally is sold as powder or mixed with water. The liquid form is usually very concentrated and sold on the street in small vials. The vials generally cost about $10 and usually contain about 10 "hits".
Legal status
Although the manufacture and sale of GBH is now illegal, it is sometimes available for purchase through the internet and at health food stores under several brand names, including Firewater, Revivarant, Blue Nitro Vitality, GH Revitalizer, Gamma G, and Remforce. GHB distribution is now banned in most states. The FDA issued a warning notice requesting manufacturers to recall GBL-containing products in Jan, 1999 and also warned consumers not to purchase or use GBL products. The story of GHB is not over since several manufacturers have begun marketing 1, 4-butanediol (BD), a chemical that is metabolized to GHB in the body by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The FDA has declared BD a Class I Health Hazard (i.e., a potentially life-threatening drug).
Today GHB is classified as a schedule 1 drug under the controlled substance act.
Final Point
GHB is a dangerous drug and associated with serious side effects. The product has no medical uses and its sale is forbidden in the USA. The drug is still used by a number of body builders, but with time the likelihood of side effects is very high. From all the present evidence we have, GHB does not have any ability to develop muscle mass.
GHB is one of the easiest chemicals to synthesize. The manufacture of GHB is a multi million dollar industry and the business of selling the final product is very lucrative.
GHB is synthesized from the precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). GBL is a solvent found in numerous household products including floor cleaning products, nail polish, varnishes, and superglue removers. Combining the lactone with sodium hydroxide results in formation of GHB. However, this simple method does have many problems including the presence of large amount of lye in the mixture. Ingestion of lye can cause severe burns of the throat and stomach. GBL can also be converted to GHB in the body. GBL is more bioavailable and more potent than GHB on an equimolar basis.
Dose
GHB is available as a liquid, tablet or powder. On the street, GHB generally is sold as powder or mixed with water. The liquid form is usually very concentrated and sold on the street in small vials. The vials generally cost about $10 and usually contain about 10 "hits".
Legal status
Although the manufacture and sale of GBH is now illegal, it is sometimes available for purchase through the internet and at health food stores under several brand names, including Firewater, Revivarant, Blue Nitro Vitality, GH Revitalizer, Gamma G, and Remforce. GHB distribution is now banned in most states. The FDA issued a warning notice requesting manufacturers to recall GBL-containing products in Jan, 1999 and also warned consumers not to purchase or use GBL products. The story of GHB is not over since several manufacturers have begun marketing 1, 4-butanediol (BD), a chemical that is metabolized to GHB in the body by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The FDA has declared BD a Class I Health Hazard (i.e., a potentially life-threatening drug).
Today GHB is classified as a schedule 1 drug under the controlled substance act.
Final Point
GHB is a dangerous drug and associated with serious side effects. The product has no medical uses and its sale is forbidden in the USA. The drug is still used by a number of body builders, but with time the likelihood of side effects is very high. From all the present evidence we have, GHB does not have any ability to develop muscle mass.
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 5
Treatment of overdose
The drug has received a lot of press lately mainly from the health care professional. This is because there have been many case reports of individuals being admitted to hospital emergency rooms following ingestion of the drug. Poisoning by GHB continues to occur and each year several deaths are reported.
If GHB overdose has occurred, then a visit to the hospital ER is a must. The treatment is primarily supportive. This includes watching the breathing and vital signs. If the ingestion is fresh, sometimes activated charcoal is pumped into the stomach to bind the GHB so it won’t be absorbed. In most cases, the individual is monitored for several days.
Other use
An analogue of GHB, sodium oxybate (Xyrem) has been approved for the treatment of narcolepsy. It can decrease daytime sleepiness and reduce the muscle attacks. The drug is only available with a prescription and its use is controlled.
Asides from legal medical use, GHB is also used to induce hallucinations, euphoria, and sleep aid. For illegal use, GHB is easily obtained at health food stores, gyms, and mail order outlets.
GHB use is very prevalent in the dance music scene (at raves and nightclubs) as an alternative to "ecstasy" and amphetamines. It is often used in combination with alcohol and other illicit drugs like marijuana. It has been implicated, with flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), as a "date rape" drug.
The drug has received a lot of press lately mainly from the health care professional. This is because there have been many case reports of individuals being admitted to hospital emergency rooms following ingestion of the drug. Poisoning by GHB continues to occur and each year several deaths are reported.
If GHB overdose has occurred, then a visit to the hospital ER is a must. The treatment is primarily supportive. This includes watching the breathing and vital signs. If the ingestion is fresh, sometimes activated charcoal is pumped into the stomach to bind the GHB so it won’t be absorbed. In most cases, the individual is monitored for several days.
Other use
An analogue of GHB, sodium oxybate (Xyrem) has been approved for the treatment of narcolepsy. It can decrease daytime sleepiness and reduce the muscle attacks. The drug is only available with a prescription and its use is controlled.
Asides from legal medical use, GHB is also used to induce hallucinations, euphoria, and sleep aid. For illegal use, GHB is easily obtained at health food stores, gyms, and mail order outlets.
GHB use is very prevalent in the dance music scene (at raves and nightclubs) as an alternative to "ecstasy" and amphetamines. It is often used in combination with alcohol and other illicit drugs like marijuana. It has been implicated, with flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), as a "date rape" drug.
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 4
Addiction
There is a lot of evidence that regular consumption of GHB can result in physical dependence. Most individuals develop this dependence after using the chemical regularly for 3-5 weeks. Once GHB is discontinued the withdrawal symptoms include the following:
- insomnia
- anxiety
- tremors
- sweating
- no appetite
- fast heart rate
- general fatigue
- muscle and joint pain
- extreme sensitivity to the environment
- confusion
If nothing is done, the withdrawal symptoms decrease in 3-21 days but do depend on the dose and frequency of GHB usage. Some cases of GHB withdrawal can be similar to reactions seen after withdrawal from alcohol. Convulsions and hallucinations can occur and often require emergency treatment.
There is a lot of evidence that regular consumption of GHB can result in physical dependence. Most individuals develop this dependence after using the chemical regularly for 3-5 weeks. Once GHB is discontinued the withdrawal symptoms include the following:
- insomnia
- anxiety
- tremors
- sweating
- no appetite
- fast heart rate
- general fatigue
- muscle and joint pain
- extreme sensitivity to the environment
- confusion
If nothing is done, the withdrawal symptoms decrease in 3-21 days but do depend on the dose and frequency of GHB usage. Some cases of GHB withdrawal can be similar to reactions seen after withdrawal from alcohol. Convulsions and hallucinations can occur and often require emergency treatment.
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 3
Side effects and toxicity
GHB is not a safe drug and there have been many cases of accidental deaths. The drug is manufactured in clandestine laboratories and the quality of the product is extremely variable. In many cases, the product has been contaminated with other drugs and supplements. The dose range between safe and toxic is very narrow and typical side effects occur within 15 minutes after ingestion.
Side effects of GHB
Respiratory
- decreases breathing rate
- Can completely cease the desire to breathe
Heart
- Can cause a drop in blood pressure
- slows heart rate
- causes fainting spells
Neurological
- Lightheadedness
- Dizziness
- Coma
- Weakness
- Difficulty walking
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Amnesia
- Sedation
Psychiatric
- Aggression
- Depression
- Mental clouding
- Impaired judgment
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- high sugars
Miscellaneous
- Lowers body temperature
GHB is not a safe drug and there have been many cases of accidental deaths. The drug is manufactured in clandestine laboratories and the quality of the product is extremely variable. In many cases, the product has been contaminated with other drugs and supplements. The dose range between safe and toxic is very narrow and typical side effects occur within 15 minutes after ingestion.
Side effects of GHB
Respiratory
- decreases breathing rate
- Can completely cease the desire to breathe
Heart
- Can cause a drop in blood pressure
- slows heart rate
- causes fainting spells
Neurological
- Lightheadedness
- Dizziness
- Coma
- Weakness
- Difficulty walking
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Amnesia
- Sedation
Psychiatric
- Aggression
- Depression
- Mental clouding
- Impaired judgment
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- high sugars
Miscellaneous
- Lowers body temperature
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding Part 2
History
GHB was developed for its calming actions but over time it was realized that the chemical had the ability to induce sleep. However the drug has no analgesic activity and the onset of sleep was often associated with seizure like activity around the face and hands.
Soon, GHB was also widely available in the health food stores as a growth hormone supplement. The body builders jumped on to this drug in the belief that the drug could increase muscles mass. GHB was banned by the FDA many years ago because of its adverse side effects in individuals who were using it as a health supplement. However, its use continues unabated and the product is still widely available.
Use by bodybuilders
The number of body builders who is GHB is not known for sure, but there are plenty. The majority of these individuals only take GHB based on the word of other athletes. In fact, there is no evidence that GHB can help one increase muscle mass or improve exercise performance.
Studies on GHB and its affects on the body are lacking. There is some evidence that GHB may increase levels of Growth hormone, but these studies are not always reproducible. And the dose of GHB required for such an effect is quite high. There are only anecdotal reports of weight gain with GHB. The problem is that body builders take so many other drugs it is difficult to know which drug is responsible for the muscle mass increase. At least in animal studies, there is no muscle mass build up. In fact all the animals become obese.
GHB was developed for its calming actions but over time it was realized that the chemical had the ability to induce sleep. However the drug has no analgesic activity and the onset of sleep was often associated with seizure like activity around the face and hands.
Soon, GHB was also widely available in the health food stores as a growth hormone supplement. The body builders jumped on to this drug in the belief that the drug could increase muscles mass. GHB was banned by the FDA many years ago because of its adverse side effects in individuals who were using it as a health supplement. However, its use continues unabated and the product is still widely available.
Use by bodybuilders
The number of body builders who is GHB is not known for sure, but there are plenty. The majority of these individuals only take GHB based on the word of other athletes. In fact, there is no evidence that GHB can help one increase muscle mass or improve exercise performance.
Studies on GHB and its affects on the body are lacking. There is some evidence that GHB may increase levels of Growth hormone, but these studies are not always reproducible. And the dose of GHB required for such an effect is quite high. There are only anecdotal reports of weight gain with GHB. The problem is that body builders take so many other drugs it is difficult to know which drug is responsible for the muscle mass increase. At least in animal studies, there is no muscle mass build up. In fact all the animals become obese.
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) & BodyBuilding
Gamma hydroxybutyrate is a central nervous depressant which has become quite popular over the past 2 decades. The chemical is illegal sold all over the country and has built a false reputation as a body builder, euphoriant and an aphrodisiac.
Cyberspace is full of claims by bodybuilders that GHB can help breakdown fat and only build up lean muscle. GHB is also a frequently used by individuals at all night parties and raves and there have been a number of reports of it being used as a date rape drug.
GHB is widely available over the internet and even sold in many health food stores and pharmacies. There have been warnings by the FDA regarding GHB, but its use continues unabated.
GHB usage
The use of GHB started somewhere in the early 90s and first became popular in the Southern and Western parts of the country. Over the next few years, GHB related complications were increasingly being seen in Emergency Rooms all over the country.
However, in most cases the cause of overdose was due to multiple drug ingestion.
GHB is often abused together with marijuana, ecstasy, alcohol and cocaine. Even though there has been a decline in the adverse effects of GHB in recent years, the consumption is still high.
GHB use is highest among the younger population and young adults.
Cyberspace is full of claims by bodybuilders that GHB can help breakdown fat and only build up lean muscle. GHB is also a frequently used by individuals at all night parties and raves and there have been a number of reports of it being used as a date rape drug.
GHB is widely available over the internet and even sold in many health food stores and pharmacies. There have been warnings by the FDA regarding GHB, but its use continues unabated.
GHB usage
The use of GHB started somewhere in the early 90s and first became popular in the Southern and Western parts of the country. Over the next few years, GHB related complications were increasingly being seen in Emergency Rooms all over the country.
However, in most cases the cause of overdose was due to multiple drug ingestion.
GHB is often abused together with marijuana, ecstasy, alcohol and cocaine. Even though there has been a decline in the adverse effects of GHB in recent years, the consumption is still high.
GHB use is highest among the younger population and young adults.
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 8
Withdrawal symptoms
During the withdrawal phase, the typical symptoms include severe depression, apathy, suicidal ideations, extreme anxiety, racing thoughts, insomnia, decrease libido, numerous somatic complaints and headaches. Most complain of an assortment of body aches and pains.
There is belief that some body builders who stop using anabolic steroids start to see their bodies revert back to normal and they simply are not able to face up to such a body. This feeling compounds the problem and intensifies the appetite for anabolic steroids.
Today, the DSM- 3 also a sub classification of disorders related to anabolic steroids and dependence.
Mechanism(s) of dependence
How dependence to anabolic steroids occurs is not fully understood. There are suggestions that there may be an association with certain opioid neurotransmitters or to levels of endogenous sympathomimetic amines. Todate, a few athletes who have developed full blown dependence and withdrawal symptoms have been treated with supportive drug therapy.
There is no antidote to steroid drug dependence. When individuals who have developed steroid dependence are weaned of these drugs, they also remain dependent on other prescription medications like xanax and pain killers.
There is other data that indicate that individuals who abuse anabolic steroids also abuse many other illicit drugs like opioids, cocaine and alcohol. While the number of individuals with multiple addictions is low, there is concern that the abuse of prescription drugs is at an all time high in the same individuals.
Conclusion
With many reports of Roid rage and deaths in users of anabolic steroids, there is a great awareness among the medical community about these substances. Today, the field of psychiatry has taken a greater interest in these drugs. The potential signs and symptoms are now being recognized more frequently, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.
During the withdrawal phase, the typical symptoms include severe depression, apathy, suicidal ideations, extreme anxiety, racing thoughts, insomnia, decrease libido, numerous somatic complaints and headaches. Most complain of an assortment of body aches and pains.
There is belief that some body builders who stop using anabolic steroids start to see their bodies revert back to normal and they simply are not able to face up to such a body. This feeling compounds the problem and intensifies the appetite for anabolic steroids.
Today, the DSM- 3 also a sub classification of disorders related to anabolic steroids and dependence.
Mechanism(s) of dependence
How dependence to anabolic steroids occurs is not fully understood. There are suggestions that there may be an association with certain opioid neurotransmitters or to levels of endogenous sympathomimetic amines. Todate, a few athletes who have developed full blown dependence and withdrawal symptoms have been treated with supportive drug therapy.
There is no antidote to steroid drug dependence. When individuals who have developed steroid dependence are weaned of these drugs, they also remain dependent on other prescription medications like xanax and pain killers.
There is other data that indicate that individuals who abuse anabolic steroids also abuse many other illicit drugs like opioids, cocaine and alcohol. While the number of individuals with multiple addictions is low, there is concern that the abuse of prescription drugs is at an all time high in the same individuals.
Conclusion
With many reports of Roid rage and deaths in users of anabolic steroids, there is a great awareness among the medical community about these substances. Today, the field of psychiatry has taken a greater interest in these drugs. The potential signs and symptoms are now being recognized more frequently, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 8
Dependence
The topic of dependence to anabolic steroids is not new. There have been countless reports for the past 30 years from athletes who have reported their inability to discontinue these drugs even after their body building career was over.
Whenever an attempt was made to discontinue the steroids, many individuals developed withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms appear to be more common in individuals who have used anabolic steroids for long periods and at high doses. Some studies indicate that after years of consistent use, nearly 40%-60% of individuals develop a withdrawal reaction when the drugs are stopped.
The cravings are so severe that the majority go back to taking the anabolic steroids. Of note is that individuals who do report dependence to steroids are the ones who take extremely high doses of these drugs. Also associated with the dependence has been a high incidence of mood and behaviors changes.
The topic of dependence to anabolic steroids is not new. There have been countless reports for the past 30 years from athletes who have reported their inability to discontinue these drugs even after their body building career was over.
Whenever an attempt was made to discontinue the steroids, many individuals developed withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms appear to be more common in individuals who have used anabolic steroids for long periods and at high doses. Some studies indicate that after years of consistent use, nearly 40%-60% of individuals develop a withdrawal reaction when the drugs are stopped.
The cravings are so severe that the majority go back to taking the anabolic steroids. Of note is that individuals who do report dependence to steroids are the ones who take extremely high doses of these drugs. Also associated with the dependence has been a high incidence of mood and behaviors changes.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 7
Mood and anxiety disorders
Other mood disorders which have been known to occur in users of anabolic steroids are affective and anxiety episodes. Depression and mania are the two extremes quite common in body builders.
Several studies indicate that the incidence of these disorders may be as high as 50%. Some individuals go from severe depression to the other extreme of anxiety, power, invincibility, racing thoughts and recklessness.
These episodes are common during the on-cycling phase but the depressive episodes persist during the off- cycling phase. In some individuals these affective disorders do persist for many months and even years after discontinuation of the steroids.
In one study, individuals were given testosterone and compared to individuals who took placebo. Individuals who took the anabolic steroid did show a tendency to develop mania of varying degrees.
Other mood disorders which have been known to occur in users of anabolic steroids are affective and anxiety episodes. Depression and mania are the two extremes quite common in body builders.
Several studies indicate that the incidence of these disorders may be as high as 50%. Some individuals go from severe depression to the other extreme of anxiety, power, invincibility, racing thoughts and recklessness.
These episodes are common during the on-cycling phase but the depressive episodes persist during the off- cycling phase. In some individuals these affective disorders do persist for many months and even years after discontinuation of the steroids.
In one study, individuals were given testosterone and compared to individuals who took placebo. Individuals who took the anabolic steroid did show a tendency to develop mania of varying degrees.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 6
Changes in personality
Most of these studies have been done retrospectively and so there is always a certain degree of bias based on memory lapses. In any cases, most individuals indicate that after they took anabolic steroids, they noticed a change in their personality. This change was also observed by family and friends.
There is some work that reveals that body builders who do take anabolic steroids develop a personality disorder with negative attributes.
Over time family members have claimed that these individuals became paranoid, schizoid, anti social, borderline, narcissistic and histrionic. Of these personalities, the most dominant change has been the evolution of anti social and borderline personality.
Most of these studies have been done retrospectively and so there is always a certain degree of bias based on memory lapses. In any cases, most individuals indicate that after they took anabolic steroids, they noticed a change in their personality. This change was also observed by family and friends.
There is some work that reveals that body builders who do take anabolic steroids develop a personality disorder with negative attributes.
Over time family members have claimed that these individuals became paranoid, schizoid, anti social, borderline, narcissistic and histrionic. Of these personalities, the most dominant change has been the evolution of anti social and borderline personality.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 5
Psychosis
Psychosis has been reported in at least 5-20% of individuals who take anabolic steroids. The higher the dose, the greater the likelihood of psychosis. In all cases, the psychosis subsides when the steroid is discontinued.
Most studies have shown that the episodes of psychosis tend to peak during the on-cyclic phase. Individuals who have a predisposition personality are more likely to develop these psychotic episodes.
Psychosis presents in varied ways in individuals who take anabolic steroids. In some cases, the individual develops paranoia and feels that the whole world is conspiring against him. Others develop grandiose perceptions of invincibility.
Often the psychotic episode is associated with intense mania. When the steroid is discontinued, the symptoms of psychosis gradually disappear although some degree of paranoia persists for years. In many cases, individuals have required anti-psychotic medications to treat the paranoia.
Psychosis has been reported in at least 5-20% of individuals who take anabolic steroids. The higher the dose, the greater the likelihood of psychosis. In all cases, the psychosis subsides when the steroid is discontinued.
Most studies have shown that the episodes of psychosis tend to peak during the on-cyclic phase. Individuals who have a predisposition personality are more likely to develop these psychotic episodes.
Psychosis presents in varied ways in individuals who take anabolic steroids. In some cases, the individual develops paranoia and feels that the whole world is conspiring against him. Others develop grandiose perceptions of invincibility.
Often the psychotic episode is associated with intense mania. When the steroid is discontinued, the symptoms of psychosis gradually disappear although some degree of paranoia persists for years. In many cases, individuals have required anti-psychotic medications to treat the paranoia.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 4
It has been observed in clinical studies that many individuals who do take high levels of anabolic steroids undergo cyclical changes in their moods. The depression which can set in can be quite severe. This is usually followed by a manic phase that is often associated with violence and anger- even the slightest thing out of the ordinary leads to explosion of violent out bursts.
Many past users of anabolic steroids admit to such emotions which they say are out of conscious control. Many past users have admitted damaging properties, vehicles, assaulting people randomly and even abusing animals. In many cases this has resulted in the individual being excluded by family and friends. Many spouses or girl friends have admitted that they felt extremely afraid of their husband/boyfriend when he was taking steroids.
The majority of individual deny such behaviors changes prior to the use of steroids. There is recent evidence that individuals who abuse anabolic steroids have 3-4 times the incidence of violent behaviors compared to the average population.
Many past users of anabolic steroids admit to such emotions which they say are out of conscious control. Many past users have admitted damaging properties, vehicles, assaulting people randomly and even abusing animals. In many cases this has resulted in the individual being excluded by family and friends. Many spouses or girl friends have admitted that they felt extremely afraid of their husband/boyfriend when he was taking steroids.
The majority of individual deny such behaviors changes prior to the use of steroids. There is recent evidence that individuals who abuse anabolic steroids have 3-4 times the incidence of violent behaviors compared to the average population.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 3
Aggression and violence
There have been a few studies which have shown that animals administered anabolic steroids for a long time can become aggressive. This type of aggression is common in both males and females. There are some clinical studies in humans which report similar findings.
Anecdotal reports of aggression have been reported with almost each type of anabolic steroid. In most cases, the aggression has been reported after usage of high doses of steroids. Besides aggression, other central nervous system symptoms include extreme irritability, wide mood swings (depression to anxiety), both verbal and physical violence and paranoia. In most cases, the paranoia has been persecutory and all individuals become hypervigilant. Hostility towards colleagues, family members and friends has been widely reported among users of anabolic steroids.
In all cases, it has been shown that when the steroid drugs are discontinued the aggression and volatile behavior stops. The most disturbing side effects of high dose anabolic steroids usage has been Roid Rage. This extreme violent behavior has often been associated with use of very high levels of anabolic steroids.
There have been a few studies which have shown that animals administered anabolic steroids for a long time can become aggressive. This type of aggression is common in both males and females. There are some clinical studies in humans which report similar findings.
Anecdotal reports of aggression have been reported with almost each type of anabolic steroid. In most cases, the aggression has been reported after usage of high doses of steroids. Besides aggression, other central nervous system symptoms include extreme irritability, wide mood swings (depression to anxiety), both verbal and physical violence and paranoia. In most cases, the paranoia has been persecutory and all individuals become hypervigilant. Hostility towards colleagues, family members and friends has been widely reported among users of anabolic steroids.
In all cases, it has been shown that when the steroid drugs are discontinued the aggression and volatile behavior stops. The most disturbing side effects of high dose anabolic steroids usage has been Roid Rage. This extreme violent behavior has often been associated with use of very high levels of anabolic steroids.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms Part 2
In the last decade, there have been a few isolated reports of psychiatric problems after use of anabolic steroids. Recently, there have been a number of well publicized cases of Roid rage.
Anabolic steroids do have the potential to cause physical side effects but no one knows what the central nervous system side effects are and how they are related to these drugs. Steroids have been use in hospitals for more than 50 years, and it is extremely rare for a patient on steroids to go out and murder someone. In fact, there are no such reports. So Roid rage is not only a matter of an individual consuming anabolic steroids but there are other factors to consider like personality and use of other illegal drugs.
The question of addiction to steroids is debatable and no real evidence exists for it. Even if the problem exists, many users may not be seeking treatment for fear of harassment from the governmental authorities.
Anabolic steroids have been associated with a range of psychiatric symptoms, although the limited research literature in this area does not yet prove a causal link.
Anabolic steroids do have the potential to cause physical side effects but no one knows what the central nervous system side effects are and how they are related to these drugs. Steroids have been use in hospitals for more than 50 years, and it is extremely rare for a patient on steroids to go out and murder someone. In fact, there are no such reports. So Roid rage is not only a matter of an individual consuming anabolic steroids but there are other factors to consider like personality and use of other illegal drugs.
The question of addiction to steroids is debatable and no real evidence exists for it. Even if the problem exists, many users may not be seeking treatment for fear of harassment from the governmental authorities.
Anabolic steroids have been associated with a range of psychiatric symptoms, although the limited research literature in this area does not yet prove a causal link.
Anabolic Steroids and Psychiatric Symptoms
Anabolic androgenic steroids or anabolic steroids are derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone. Anabolic steroids are believed to be widely used by professional and amateur athletes in all sports. The chief reason for use is to build the body and enhance the exercise endurance. Even though the drugs have been around since the 1940s, there is a lot of mystery surrounding them.
There are more myths associated with the use of anabolic steroids than any other class of drugs. The reason is partly because no one knows for sure exactly how good or bad these drugs are. While there are many anecdotal reports about these drugs, randomized clinical trials are lacking.
In fact the majority of health care professionals who write about these drugs have no idea about the structure nor have they even prescribed them. All the writings on cyberspace are copied from other articles and myths are mixed with facts, thus complicating the issue.
In addition, law enforcement and legal authorities have been writing a lot about these drugs; all these reports are based on isolated case reports. For the most part, most individuals who have been writing on anabolic steroids do not know the mouth from the back side.
There are more myths associated with the use of anabolic steroids than any other class of drugs. The reason is partly because no one knows for sure exactly how good or bad these drugs are. While there are many anecdotal reports about these drugs, randomized clinical trials are lacking.
In fact the majority of health care professionals who write about these drugs have no idea about the structure nor have they even prescribed them. All the writings on cyberspace are copied from other articles and myths are mixed with facts, thus complicating the issue.
In addition, law enforcement and legal authorities have been writing a lot about these drugs; all these reports are based on isolated case reports. For the most part, most individuals who have been writing on anabolic steroids do not know the mouth from the back side.
Monday, March 16, 2009
Costs of Stanozolol
Cost and availability
There are many sites on the internet which claim to sell Winstrol. Considering that the DEA monitors all the sites, the validity of the products is in question. The most common formulation of winstrol available in the USA is from Thailand. Winstrol is also smuggled in the country from México, Russia and Europe. Further, many injectable forms of winstrol are obtained illegally from the veterinary market. Winstrol is not a cheap product. On average, each tablet costs about $ 2 or 200 tablets of 2 mg each can be bought for $150-$200.
Always get your pills from a reputable dealer to ensure that you are getting your money’s worth and the right product.
Legal
Stanozolol is classified under the Controlled Substance Act as a schedule 3 drug. It requires a physician’s prescription to obtain the drug. Anyone caught in the possession, selling or distributing the drug can be subjected to monetary fines and jail time.
The recent incidence of steroid rages and unfortunate deaths, has also led to stricter control on prescription availability of this drug. Most physicians are reluctant to give this drug out for fear of abuse and the reciprocal effects may jeopardize their careers.
There are many sites on the internet which claim to sell Winstrol. Considering that the DEA monitors all the sites, the validity of the products is in question. The most common formulation of winstrol available in the USA is from Thailand. Winstrol is also smuggled in the country from México, Russia and Europe. Further, many injectable forms of winstrol are obtained illegally from the veterinary market. Winstrol is not a cheap product. On average, each tablet costs about $ 2 or 200 tablets of 2 mg each can be bought for $150-$200.
Always get your pills from a reputable dealer to ensure that you are getting your money’s worth and the right product.
Legal
Stanozolol is classified under the Controlled Substance Act as a schedule 3 drug. It requires a physician’s prescription to obtain the drug. Anyone caught in the possession, selling or distributing the drug can be subjected to monetary fines and jail time.
The recent incidence of steroid rages and unfortunate deaths, has also led to stricter control on prescription availability of this drug. Most physicians are reluctant to give this drug out for fear of abuse and the reciprocal effects may jeopardize their careers.
Stanozolol and Females
Females
Stanozolol is also widely used by females for two major reasons- it is a potent anabolic agent and has very small androgenic activity. This results in a body which lacks the virilizing features which are so common with the use of other anabolic steroids.
However, when the drug is used at high doses or for long periods, the virilizing effects do appear. The unsightly virilizing effects are often not reversible even when the drug is stopped.
Sports
Stanozolol is banned for use by all sports organizations and its use is actively screened in the urine. The drug is easily detected in the urine for up to 5-7 days after the last dose. Most body builders use this drug just before a sports event because of the mistaken belief that it is not detectable after a 2 week washout period.
Recent advances in detection can identify metabolites of winstrol in the urine for up to 2 months. And one note of concern- the majority of body builders are found to be users of anabolic steroids not because of the intellect of the scientists but because a colleague or someone close brags about the use.
Stanozolol is also widely used by females for two major reasons- it is a potent anabolic agent and has very small androgenic activity. This results in a body which lacks the virilizing features which are so common with the use of other anabolic steroids.
However, when the drug is used at high doses or for long periods, the virilizing effects do appear. The unsightly virilizing effects are often not reversible even when the drug is stopped.
Sports
Stanozolol is banned for use by all sports organizations and its use is actively screened in the urine. The drug is easily detected in the urine for up to 5-7 days after the last dose. Most body builders use this drug just before a sports event because of the mistaken belief that it is not detectable after a 2 week washout period.
Recent advances in detection can identify metabolites of winstrol in the urine for up to 2 months. And one note of concern- the majority of body builders are found to be users of anabolic steroids not because of the intellect of the scientists but because a colleague or someone close brags about the use.
Winstrol Efficacy
The majority of people do see muscle bulk build up after 3-4 weeks. In fact, winstrol can significantly improve exercise performance for short periods of time. Many reports exist of athletes who claim that spontaneous bursts in energy are common after 3-4 weeks of use. However, this effect is not seen to last for long periods.
Despite what most builders believe, higher doses of stanozolol are harmful and do not result in improved results. Most experts recommend that the drug not be used for more than 4-6 weeks.
Stanozolol is frequently used for 3-4 weeks and then cycled with other drugs. The most common other drugs are Masteron, Equipose, Oxandrolone, GH and thyroxin. Some individuals add Clomid to prevent the suppression of testosterone in the wash out period. Because stanozolol can cause water retention many athletes also use water pills to rid the excess body water.
Recently, an alternative to stanozolol is furazabol; it is identical to stanozolol in all respects except that it does improve the cholesterol profile which makes it unique among all anabolic steroids. However, this beneficial effect is only seen at low doses and for a short time period. When used at high doses for a long time, all anabolic steroids lower HDL cholesterol and increase LDL cholesterol.
Despite what most builders believe, higher doses of stanozolol are harmful and do not result in improved results. Most experts recommend that the drug not be used for more than 4-6 weeks.
Stanozolol is frequently used for 3-4 weeks and then cycled with other drugs. The most common other drugs are Masteron, Equipose, Oxandrolone, GH and thyroxin. Some individuals add Clomid to prevent the suppression of testosterone in the wash out period. Because stanozolol can cause water retention many athletes also use water pills to rid the excess body water.
Recently, an alternative to stanozolol is furazabol; it is identical to stanozolol in all respects except that it does improve the cholesterol profile which makes it unique among all anabolic steroids. However, this beneficial effect is only seen at low doses and for a short time period. When used at high doses for a long time, all anabolic steroids lower HDL cholesterol and increase LDL cholesterol.
Winstrol Dosing for bodybuilders
Stanozolol is widely used by body builders and other athletes. It not only increases weight gain but also increases exercise performance. The drug increases weight gain gradually but does not retain the water. It selectively burns the fat while retaining the protein.
In medicine, winstrol is only used an oral drug with doses of 2 -6 mg per day in total. Because the drug has potent liver toxicity, the higher doses are not used. However, body builders seem to use a dose at least 2-4 times higher than that. One reason for this is that the THAI formulation appears to be less potent than the product made by Pfizer.
Some body builders use 10 mg/day and others use 20 mg/day. The major problem with oral dosing is that a lot of absorbed winstrol goes to the liver and is broken down. The drug can also be injected IM if one can get the supplies. The dose of an IM injection is about 50mg/week, but some body builders use it 2-3 times a week. The site of injection is usually the buttocks and this site must be altered every few weeks to prevent abscess and sores.
The injectable formulation is milky white in color with microcrystals. Fake stanozolol injectable products are common and there is no way to tell simply by looking at a product to determine if it is fake. Some body builders claim that the real winstrol will reveal settled microcrystals at the base when standing- however, talcum powder can do the same.
The drug is typically used 1-2 months before a sports event. The drug must be stopped at least 2- 3 weeks before to avoid detection.
In medicine, winstrol is only used an oral drug with doses of 2 -6 mg per day in total. Because the drug has potent liver toxicity, the higher doses are not used. However, body builders seem to use a dose at least 2-4 times higher than that. One reason for this is that the THAI formulation appears to be less potent than the product made by Pfizer.
Some body builders use 10 mg/day and others use 20 mg/day. The major problem with oral dosing is that a lot of absorbed winstrol goes to the liver and is broken down. The drug can also be injected IM if one can get the supplies. The dose of an IM injection is about 50mg/week, but some body builders use it 2-3 times a week. The site of injection is usually the buttocks and this site must be altered every few weeks to prevent abscess and sores.
The injectable formulation is milky white in color with microcrystals. Fake stanozolol injectable products are common and there is no way to tell simply by looking at a product to determine if it is fake. Some body builders claim that the real winstrol will reveal settled microcrystals at the base when standing- however, talcum powder can do the same.
The drug is typically used 1-2 months before a sports event. The drug must be stopped at least 2- 3 weeks before to avoid detection.
Side Effects of Winstrol
Side effects
Like all anabolic steroids, winstrol also has some side effects. These effects are rare and most people tolerate them without a problem. The most common side effects include:
- jaundice
- hepatic necrosis- common
- liver cancers (rare)
- testicular atrophy
- decreased libido
- depression, insomnia, anger, mood changes
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- gynecomastia
- deepening of voice in women
- hair loss
- hair growth in women
- fluid retention
- increased blood sugars
- decrease HDL cholesterol
While most of these changes reverse after stopping the drug, some of the virilizing effects may be irreversible. For women who do take this drug, a word of warning. The drug should be stopped at the first signs of virilization because some of the masculine features may not reverse even after the drug is stopped. Winstrol has also been associated with reports of extensive liver damage which can be life threatening. Therefore, it is highly recommended that anyone using anabolic steroids regularly has their liver function regularly monitored.
Contraindications
Winstrol is not recommended in individuals with
- male breast cancer
- prostate cancer
- females with breast cancer and/or hypercalcemia
- if a female is pregnant
- anyone with allergies to steroidal drugs
Like all anabolic steroids, winstrol also has some side effects. These effects are rare and most people tolerate them without a problem. The most common side effects include:
- jaundice
- hepatic necrosis- common
- liver cancers (rare)
- testicular atrophy
- decreased libido
- depression, insomnia, anger, mood changes
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- gynecomastia
- deepening of voice in women
- hair loss
- hair growth in women
- fluid retention
- increased blood sugars
- decrease HDL cholesterol
While most of these changes reverse after stopping the drug, some of the virilizing effects may be irreversible. For women who do take this drug, a word of warning. The drug should be stopped at the first signs of virilization because some of the masculine features may not reverse even after the drug is stopped. Winstrol has also been associated with reports of extensive liver damage which can be life threatening. Therefore, it is highly recommended that anyone using anabolic steroids regularly has their liver function regularly monitored.
Contraindications
Winstrol is not recommended in individuals with
- male breast cancer
- prostate cancer
- females with breast cancer and/or hypercalcemia
- if a female is pregnant
- anyone with allergies to steroidal drugs
Indications for Winstrol
Winstrol a synthetic derivative of testosterone. It was first made by Winthrop laboratories in the 60s and is one of the oldest anabolic steroids on the market.
It was once indicated for the treatment of several medical disorders in clinical medicine including hereditary angioedema. It has also been tried out as a treatment for extremely resistant cases of anemias and weight loss in HIV patients.
The drug was once used to be used to treat livestock for weight gain. The intramuscular formulation was given once a week and was widely used; but is hard to find the product today. The reason for this has been the widespread abuse of the drug and possible side effects. In fact, many bodybuilders got hold of the product which was recommended for cows and start to inject themselves with the drug!
Dose in Medicine
Winstrol is used as an intramuscular formulation in the farming industry to boost weight gain in livestock. For human use, the drug is available as an oral tablet. Stanozolol is usually given at 2 mg three times a day for hereditary angioedema. Often it is continued for 1-3 months at 2 mg per day without any undue side effects.
The drug is generally safe and can be taken at low doses for many months. The anabolic effects are generally seen after a period of 3-4 weeks and continue to increase over time. The drug also has some mild androgenic effects at high doses.
It was once indicated for the treatment of several medical disorders in clinical medicine including hereditary angioedema. It has also been tried out as a treatment for extremely resistant cases of anemias and weight loss in HIV patients.
The drug was once used to be used to treat livestock for weight gain. The intramuscular formulation was given once a week and was widely used; but is hard to find the product today. The reason for this has been the widespread abuse of the drug and possible side effects. In fact, many bodybuilders got hold of the product which was recommended for cows and start to inject themselves with the drug!
Dose in Medicine
Winstrol is used as an intramuscular formulation in the farming industry to boost weight gain in livestock. For human use, the drug is available as an oral tablet. Stanozolol is usually given at 2 mg three times a day for hereditary angioedema. Often it is continued for 1-3 months at 2 mg per day without any undue side effects.
The drug is generally safe and can be taken at low doses for many months. The anabolic effects are generally seen after a period of 3-4 weeks and continue to increase over time. The drug also has some mild androgenic effects at high doses.
Winstrol V (stanozolol) part 1
Winstrol or stanozolol is a synthetic anabolic steroid which resembles testosterone. Stanozolol is both an anabolic and androgenic hormone.
In females it does cause virilizing effects. Once widely available on the market, today it is a difficult product to find.
Despite the hype on cyberspace about Winstrol being available, there have been many incidences of fake formulations or contaminants in products bought over the internet. The lure of easy money has gotten many people in the business of selling fake anabolic steroids to desperate athletes.
Furthermore, the DEA closely monitors each website because the selling and distribution of any anabolic steroid is illegal. Many Winstrol products sold over the internet have been analyzed and found to contain harmless cholesterol like molecules with contaminants.
So for the body builder interested in anabolic steroids, the internet is not is not the place to buy the drug as the purity cannot be established.
In females it does cause virilizing effects. Once widely available on the market, today it is a difficult product to find.
Despite the hype on cyberspace about Winstrol being available, there have been many incidences of fake formulations or contaminants in products bought over the internet. The lure of easy money has gotten many people in the business of selling fake anabolic steroids to desperate athletes.
Furthermore, the DEA closely monitors each website because the selling and distribution of any anabolic steroid is illegal. Many Winstrol products sold over the internet have been analyzed and found to contain harmless cholesterol like molecules with contaminants.
So for the body builder interested in anabolic steroids, the internet is not is not the place to buy the drug as the purity cannot be established.
Friday, March 13, 2009
Human Growth Hormone part 8
Sermorelin
Sermorelin is a relatively new drug which has been counterfeited in China from the original drug, Geref. Sermorelin is a biological active analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) that is produced by the human hypothalamus to stimulate production and release of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
Sermorelin is neither detected in the blood or urine after a certain time period. So for the moment, things are status quo with the sports organizations and only the dumbest athlete is ever caught with GH.
Sermorelin when administered takes at least 3-4 weeks to work before the effects are obvious. It gradually builds up strength and has none of the major side effects of Growth hormone. Sermorelin is generally designed to treat the aging population and is not an effective replacement for GH. If your body has no GH, then Sermorelin will do very little for you. Sermorelin costs anywhere from $300-$1000 for a month’s supply.
Control Status
The widespread abuse of HG has led to some Federal Regulations limiting it sells and distribution. The 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act now means that anyone possessing, selling, distribution GH is committing a crime. There are serious penalties for such acts and include jail time and monetary fines. In March 2007, a bill was introduced into the U.S. Senate to amend the Controlled Substances Act and add HGH to schedule III.
GH is currently listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee as a performance enhancing drug barring athletes from using it.
Sermorelin is a relatively new drug which has been counterfeited in China from the original drug, Geref. Sermorelin is a biological active analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) that is produced by the human hypothalamus to stimulate production and release of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
Sermorelin is neither detected in the blood or urine after a certain time period. So for the moment, things are status quo with the sports organizations and only the dumbest athlete is ever caught with GH.
Sermorelin when administered takes at least 3-4 weeks to work before the effects are obvious. It gradually builds up strength and has none of the major side effects of Growth hormone. Sermorelin is generally designed to treat the aging population and is not an effective replacement for GH. If your body has no GH, then Sermorelin will do very little for you. Sermorelin costs anywhere from $300-$1000 for a month’s supply.
Control Status
The widespread abuse of HG has led to some Federal Regulations limiting it sells and distribution. The 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act now means that anyone possessing, selling, distribution GH is committing a crime. There are serious penalties for such acts and include jail time and monetary fines. In March 2007, a bill was introduced into the U.S. Senate to amend the Controlled Substances Act and add HGH to schedule III.
GH is currently listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee as a performance enhancing drug barring athletes from using it.
Human Growth Hormone part 7
Availability
The majority of individuals get their HGH through illegal means. In some cases, the product is stolen from pharmacies. Sometimes it is unscrupulous physicians who prescribe it for off label use. GH is also smuggled in from Mexico and Europe. There are also many pharmacies in cyberspace that sell GH.
In the majority of cases, the Internet pharmacies are run by physicians who simply write a prescription without seeing the patient. Many individuals buy GH this way and then sell it on the black market.
Even though the only appropriate way to administer HG is via an injection, there are many people who market GH as a spray pill or a topical gel. The GH molecule is only minimally absorbed when inhaled or placed underneath the tongue.
Limitations of testing
Synthetic GH is very difficult to detect in the body. The current methods can’t detect GH more than 48 hours after the last injection and most athletes are aware of this fact. A favorite question by any athlete today before he starts to take any illicit drug is if there is a test for it.
The majority of individuals get their HGH through illegal means. In some cases, the product is stolen from pharmacies. Sometimes it is unscrupulous physicians who prescribe it for off label use. GH is also smuggled in from Mexico and Europe. There are also many pharmacies in cyberspace that sell GH.
In the majority of cases, the Internet pharmacies are run by physicians who simply write a prescription without seeing the patient. Many individuals buy GH this way and then sell it on the black market.
Even though the only appropriate way to administer HG is via an injection, there are many people who market GH as a spray pill or a topical gel. The GH molecule is only minimally absorbed when inhaled or placed underneath the tongue.
Limitations of testing
Synthetic GH is very difficult to detect in the body. The current methods can’t detect GH more than 48 hours after the last injection and most athletes are aware of this fact. A favorite question by any athlete today before he starts to take any illicit drug is if there is a test for it.
Human Growth Hormone part 6
Off Label Use
Body Building
The major off label uses of GH are for anti aging and for bodybuilding. GH is one of the most widely abused drugs by sports athletes. The drug is widely available but is illegal to possess or sell. The majority of body builder use a whole cocktail of drugs together with HGH. Which drug actually leads to better a body is difficult to know because these individuals do take so many drugs.
Another reason why GH is widely abused by many athletes is because the drug is somewhat difficult to detect. The exact number of individuals who take GH remains unknown but every now and then an occasional athlete will confess to abusing it.
For the body builder, GH does not come cheap. Depending on where one buys from and from whom, the monthly costs can run anywhere from $500-$2000. And in some cases, the GH is fake.
Anti Aging
Another off label use of GH is in the quest for remaining youthful. Many people want to reverse the lines and wrinkles on their face and have turned to growth hormone. Despite all the hype about GH, it is not approved for anti aging treatment. And there is no evidence that it can reverse any lines, wrinkles or change skin texture
Because of the much advertised success and popularity of human growth hormone, ineffective “copy cat” treatments sold mainly in pill form are purported to generate a $70 million industry. Anti-aging “suckers” will pay between ten and twenty thousand dollars a year for real GH injections, most commonly administered in an anti-aging clinic or medical spa setting.
Body Building
The major off label uses of GH are for anti aging and for bodybuilding. GH is one of the most widely abused drugs by sports athletes. The drug is widely available but is illegal to possess or sell. The majority of body builder use a whole cocktail of drugs together with HGH. Which drug actually leads to better a body is difficult to know because these individuals do take so many drugs.
Another reason why GH is widely abused by many athletes is because the drug is somewhat difficult to detect. The exact number of individuals who take GH remains unknown but every now and then an occasional athlete will confess to abusing it.
For the body builder, GH does not come cheap. Depending on where one buys from and from whom, the monthly costs can run anywhere from $500-$2000. And in some cases, the GH is fake.
Anti Aging
Another off label use of GH is in the quest for remaining youthful. Many people want to reverse the lines and wrinkles on their face and have turned to growth hormone. Despite all the hype about GH, it is not approved for anti aging treatment. And there is no evidence that it can reverse any lines, wrinkles or change skin texture
Because of the much advertised success and popularity of human growth hormone, ineffective “copy cat” treatments sold mainly in pill form are purported to generate a $70 million industry. Anti-aging “suckers” will pay between ten and twenty thousand dollars a year for real GH injections, most commonly administered in an anti-aging clinic or medical spa setting.
Human Growth Hormone part 5
Does one require a prescription for GH?
GH can only be legally prescribed for the aforementioned purposes approved by the FDA; however, many off-label uses for the hormone exist, such as athletic performance enhancement and anti-aging treatment. In most instances of off-label usage, the FDA has not approved GH treatment simply because the potential benefits of therapy do not outweigh the possible risks posed by altering the body’s levels of GH.
While touted by some as a miracle cure-all, GH carries with it serious side effects that patients should take heed of before initiating treatment.
Potential risks of taking GH
With GH there is the ever-present risk of overdose, which can lead to the development of devastating conditions brought on by excessive GH production, such as acromegaly. Since GH stimulates cell growth, there is also the risk that GH may activate the proliferation of unwanted cells like cancer cells, causing the development of leukemia, prostate cancer, and malignant tumors in those undergoing GH therapy.
Comparatively less serious side effects of GH include fluid retention, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint pain, and type 2 diabetes. Anti-agers considering GH therapy must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment before deciding to follow through with the potentially harmful therapy.
GH can only be legally prescribed for the aforementioned purposes approved by the FDA; however, many off-label uses for the hormone exist, such as athletic performance enhancement and anti-aging treatment. In most instances of off-label usage, the FDA has not approved GH treatment simply because the potential benefits of therapy do not outweigh the possible risks posed by altering the body’s levels of GH.
While touted by some as a miracle cure-all, GH carries with it serious side effects that patients should take heed of before initiating treatment.
Potential risks of taking GH
With GH there is the ever-present risk of overdose, which can lead to the development of devastating conditions brought on by excessive GH production, such as acromegaly. Since GH stimulates cell growth, there is also the risk that GH may activate the proliferation of unwanted cells like cancer cells, causing the development of leukemia, prostate cancer, and malignant tumors in those undergoing GH therapy.
Comparatively less serious side effects of GH include fluid retention, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint pain, and type 2 diabetes. Anti-agers considering GH therapy must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment before deciding to follow through with the potentially harmful therapy.
Human Growth Hormone part 4
Dosing
GH is never taken orally. It is always administered as an injection- either subcutaneous or intramuscular. GH acts pretty rapidly once it is absorbed in the blood stream. The dosing of growth hormone is still not fully known. While the latest research indicates it should be based on levels of IGF, many physicians dose it based on body weight.
For adults, the dosing is about 0.01-0.1 mg/kg body weight. This dosing depends on the type of product and what it is to be used for. The currently available GH either comes as a powder or a liquid. The powder is solubilized in a saline solution before injection.
Side effects of growth hormone
GH can cause several side effects, which are disturbing. The most common include:
- Generalized edema
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Joint and muscle pain
- Neuropathies (e.g., numbness and tingling)
- Increase blood glucose levels
GH is never taken orally. It is always administered as an injection- either subcutaneous or intramuscular. GH acts pretty rapidly once it is absorbed in the blood stream. The dosing of growth hormone is still not fully known. While the latest research indicates it should be based on levels of IGF, many physicians dose it based on body weight.
For adults, the dosing is about 0.01-0.1 mg/kg body weight. This dosing depends on the type of product and what it is to be used for. The currently available GH either comes as a powder or a liquid. The powder is solubilized in a saline solution before injection.
Side effects of growth hormone
GH can cause several side effects, which are disturbing. The most common include:
- Generalized edema
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Joint and muscle pain
- Neuropathies (e.g., numbness and tingling)
- Increase blood glucose levels
Human Growth Hormone part 3
Approved clinical uses of GH
The FDA has several approved injectable preparations of HGH. The growth hormone is only available with a prescription from a licensed physician.
Synthetically derived (recombinant) GH was initially approved by the FDA in 1985 for the treatment of short stature due to GH deficiency (GHD). Over the following years, GH continued to gain approval for the treatment of specific clinical conditions causing short stature and other complications related to lifelong GHD such as Prader-Willi syndrome, short stature caused by chronic renal insufficiency, Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, and intrauterine growth retardation.
The FDA has also approved GH therapy as a treatment for growth hormone deficiency attributed to the presence of pituitary tumors. Another recent approved use for GH has been to treat adults who develop the wasting syndrome of AIDS.
There is a lot of evidence that injection of GH in the above mentioned disorders can result in:
- Increased muscle mass and bone density
- decreased body fat
- improved mentation
- increased exercise performance
- increased cardiovascular tolerance to stress/exercise
The FDA has several approved injectable preparations of HGH. The growth hormone is only available with a prescription from a licensed physician.
Synthetically derived (recombinant) GH was initially approved by the FDA in 1985 for the treatment of short stature due to GH deficiency (GHD). Over the following years, GH continued to gain approval for the treatment of specific clinical conditions causing short stature and other complications related to lifelong GHD such as Prader-Willi syndrome, short stature caused by chronic renal insufficiency, Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, and intrauterine growth retardation.
The FDA has also approved GH therapy as a treatment for growth hormone deficiency attributed to the presence of pituitary tumors. Another recent approved use for GH has been to treat adults who develop the wasting syndrome of AIDS.
There is a lot of evidence that injection of GH in the above mentioned disorders can result in:
- Increased muscle mass and bone density
- decreased body fat
- improved mentation
- increased exercise performance
- increased cardiovascular tolerance to stress/exercise
Human Growth Hormone part 2
Pharmacology
Most of the GH available is manufactured using recombinant DNA technology; the two types of synthetic HGH available are somatropin and somatrem. Both synthetic types have similar pharmacological actions. The synthetic forms once injected are impossible to distinguish from the naturally occurring GH.
Growth hormone acts by binding to GH receptors on various tissues and stimulate a variety of cellular actions. GH has multiple physiological effects including regulation of metabolism, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balances, increasing skeletal and muscle mass. GH levels are generally increased during stress, sleep and exercise.
In which conditions do GH levels change?
There are a few medical conditions that can develop if levels of GH are either too low or too high. With an excess amount of human growth hormone the body may over produce cells causing acromegaly, a condition characterized by oversized extremities, rapid and continual cell growth, and a variety of other serious health complications; or pituitary gigantism, which results in extreme height due to over secretion of GH. Medical conditions caused by GH deficiency can be serious as well, leading to a variety of short stature conditions that may severely impact overall health
Most of the GH available is manufactured using recombinant DNA technology; the two types of synthetic HGH available are somatropin and somatrem. Both synthetic types have similar pharmacological actions. The synthetic forms once injected are impossible to distinguish from the naturally occurring GH.
Growth hormone acts by binding to GH receptors on various tissues and stimulate a variety of cellular actions. GH has multiple physiological effects including regulation of metabolism, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balances, increasing skeletal and muscle mass. GH levels are generally increased during stress, sleep and exercise.
In which conditions do GH levels change?
There are a few medical conditions that can develop if levels of GH are either too low or too high. With an excess amount of human growth hormone the body may over produce cells causing acromegaly, a condition characterized by oversized extremities, rapid and continual cell growth, and a variety of other serious health complications; or pituitary gigantism, which results in extreme height due to over secretion of GH. Medical conditions caused by GH deficiency can be serious as well, leading to a variety of short stature conditions that may severely impact overall health
Human Growth Hormone part 1
Human growth hormone is a naturally occurring substance secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is essential for normal growth and development. Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland since birth and the levels peak around late adolescence. In the 2nd decade of life, the levels of growth hormone began to decline. For more than 40 years growth hormone has been available to treat specific medical disorders. However, in the past 3 decades, growth hormone mania has hit the market and everyone wants to take it. The middle aged and elderly seem to think GH can reverse aging, the young teenagers want to build their bodies, sports athletes want to perform better and the gigolos think it can build a bigger penis. Of all the drugs abused by sports athletes, Growth hormone probably ranks in the top three.
What type of Human Growth Hormone?
Human growth hormone, abbreviated as HGH, hGH and GH, is the hormone that activates cell production, growth, and metabolic processes within the human body. Secreted by the anterior pituitary, it is located just inside the base of the skull, GH is responsible for working in conjunction with other hormones in the body to stimulate and regulate proper human growth and development. GH levels generally reach their all time high at puberty and significantly decline around the age of 40.
Growth hormone is readily available from many health food stores and spas.
It is also widely available from many alternative care practitioners and also faith healers. The growth hormones is frequently sold under other names like Genotropin®, Humatrope®, Norditropin®, Nutropin®, Saizen®, Serostim®)
What type of Human Growth Hormone?
Human growth hormone, abbreviated as HGH, hGH and GH, is the hormone that activates cell production, growth, and metabolic processes within the human body. Secreted by the anterior pituitary, it is located just inside the base of the skull, GH is responsible for working in conjunction with other hormones in the body to stimulate and regulate proper human growth and development. GH levels generally reach their all time high at puberty and significantly decline around the age of 40.
Growth hormone is readily available from many health food stores and spas.
It is also widely available from many alternative care practitioners and also faith healers. The growth hormones is frequently sold under other names like Genotropin®, Humatrope®, Norditropin®, Nutropin®, Saizen®, Serostim®)
Repoxygen- the future of doping Part 3
If an individual does increase the mass of red blood cells with the gene, the potential side effects may include the following:
- The blood does become viscous as the mass of red cells is increased.
And this can clog up many small blood vessels. This could force the
heart to work harder and the blood can also be prone to clotting
- One can also develop a heart attack if the small blood vessels to the
heart get blocked
- A stroke can also occur for the same reasons
- Others could also develop a blood clot in the lungs
These risks are worsened manifold when the individual exercises and gets dehydrated.
Repoxygen is banned by all sports organizations. While gene therapy is making news in medicine, the science of illegal gene use in sports is still in infancy.
Even though scientists are working out how to detect this gene in the body just in case athletes start to abuse it, we are still a long ways off. Detection of genes is neither a cheap undertaking nor is it done with analysis of urine. For the moment, athletes who ever get access to this product will be safe for quite come time.
- The blood does become viscous as the mass of red cells is increased.
And this can clog up many small blood vessels. This could force the
heart to work harder and the blood can also be prone to clotting
- One can also develop a heart attack if the small blood vessels to the
heart get blocked
- A stroke can also occur for the same reasons
- Others could also develop a blood clot in the lungs
These risks are worsened manifold when the individual exercises and gets dehydrated.
Repoxygen is banned by all sports organizations. While gene therapy is making news in medicine, the science of illegal gene use in sports is still in infancy.
Even though scientists are working out how to detect this gene in the body just in case athletes start to abuse it, we are still a long ways off. Detection of genes is neither a cheap undertaking nor is it done with analysis of urine. For the moment, athletes who ever get access to this product will be safe for quite come time.
Repoxygen- the future of doping Part 2
There are some reports that a few European athletes may have injected themselves with this gene (or related product) to increase their red blood cell mass.
However, physiologically, if a person has a normal red cell count and normal oxygen concentration, the gene would not activate the release of EPO. The gene is only programmed to activate when it senses low oxygen. While there is some who say this is a poor choice for doping, the problem can easily be circumvented by tricking the gene.
There are some simple ways to make the gene sense low oxygen in the body. This is by working out in cold weather or taking pills of nitroglycerin or sodium thiocyanate. Nitroglycerin is a common drug used to treat patients who have angina.
However, this self regulation of the gene is simply a hypothetical concept and not proven in the laboratory or in any patient. As far as is known, injection of the gene will stimulate the production of EPO forever. Once the gene is inserted into the body, it is there for life.
However, physiologically, if a person has a normal red cell count and normal oxygen concentration, the gene would not activate the release of EPO. The gene is only programmed to activate when it senses low oxygen. While there is some who say this is a poor choice for doping, the problem can easily be circumvented by tricking the gene.
There are some simple ways to make the gene sense low oxygen in the body. This is by working out in cold weather or taking pills of nitroglycerin or sodium thiocyanate. Nitroglycerin is a common drug used to treat patients who have angina.
However, this self regulation of the gene is simply a hypothetical concept and not proven in the laboratory or in any patient. As far as is known, injection of the gene will stimulate the production of EPO forever. Once the gene is inserted into the body, it is there for life.
Repoxygen- the future of doping Part 1
Erythropoietin is a hormone which is released from the kidneys. Its function is to stimulate the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Repoxygen is the trade name for the gene that is claimed to increase the release of erythropoietin from the kidneys. The higher the number of red cells, the greater is the oxygen binding capacity of these cells. Theoretically, an increased in blood oxygen should lead to an increase in exercise performance.
The gene is still in the development stage and only used in animals; so far no human testing has been done. Oxford Biomedical has constructed a viral gene delivery vector which can carry the human EPO gene. The majority of these studies have been carried out in mice and are still in the infant stages. At least in animals the administration of the gene results in an increased in red blood cell mass.
In clinical medicine, Repoxygen will be used to treat cases of resistant anemia in individuals with renal failure. The researchers claim that the gene will be activated when the oxygen concentration in the blood is low and will turn itself off when the oxygen concentration has been replenished. It is believed that a similar gene plays a physiological role in the control of EPO from the kidneys.
The gene is still in the development stage and only used in animals; so far no human testing has been done. Oxford Biomedical has constructed a viral gene delivery vector which can carry the human EPO gene. The majority of these studies have been carried out in mice and are still in the infant stages. At least in animals the administration of the gene results in an increased in red blood cell mass.
In clinical medicine, Repoxygen will be used to treat cases of resistant anemia in individuals with renal failure. The researchers claim that the gene will be activated when the oxygen concentration in the blood is low and will turn itself off when the oxygen concentration has been replenished. It is believed that a similar gene plays a physiological role in the control of EPO from the kidneys.
Thursday, March 12, 2009
Colostrum- Part 3
Medical benefits
There are a lot of studies showing that colostrum can prevent or cure a variety of infections. Conditions that have been treated with colostrum include colitis, diarrhea, constipation, upper respiratory tract infections, and throat problems. It is only infectious disorders that have benefited from colostrum; the product has not been shown to affect medical disorders like diabetes, obesity, or hypertension. Reports that colostrum can relieve diabetes, hypertension, cancer or any other medical disorder are false.
As far as body building and sports is concerned there is no evidence that colostrum does anything. However, there are studies which do show that athletes who take colostrum do not develop upper respiratory tract infections or virus related colds.
Status in Sport
Colostrum is considered a food substance and so is not prohibited under the the World Anti-Doping Code 2007 Prohibited List. There is no sporting agency which bans the use of colostrum in the USA.
Availability
Colostrum is widely available as a liquid or a powder. In the USA, the product is not regulated and is sold in many health food stores. All the colostrum available is produced naturally from cows and not synthesized.
Depending on what type of product one buys the cost varies. Some lozenges cost $ 20 for a 100 pills. Some powders (21 oz) cost nearly $90. Colostrum definitely is not a cheap product. For those who want to lead a healthy life style, one should simply eat a well balanced diet and exercise. For those who have money to burn, perhaps buying a cow may help. And then you will always have access to the first milk.
There are a lot of studies showing that colostrum can prevent or cure a variety of infections. Conditions that have been treated with colostrum include colitis, diarrhea, constipation, upper respiratory tract infections, and throat problems. It is only infectious disorders that have benefited from colostrum; the product has not been shown to affect medical disorders like diabetes, obesity, or hypertension. Reports that colostrum can relieve diabetes, hypertension, cancer or any other medical disorder are false.
As far as body building and sports is concerned there is no evidence that colostrum does anything. However, there are studies which do show that athletes who take colostrum do not develop upper respiratory tract infections or virus related colds.
Status in Sport
Colostrum is considered a food substance and so is not prohibited under the the World Anti-Doping Code 2007 Prohibited List. There is no sporting agency which bans the use of colostrum in the USA.
Availability
Colostrum is widely available as a liquid or a powder. In the USA, the product is not regulated and is sold in many health food stores. All the colostrum available is produced naturally from cows and not synthesized.
Depending on what type of product one buys the cost varies. Some lozenges cost $ 20 for a 100 pills. Some powders (21 oz) cost nearly $90. Colostrum definitely is not a cheap product. For those who want to lead a healthy life style, one should simply eat a well balanced diet and exercise. For those who have money to burn, perhaps buying a cow may help. And then you will always have access to the first milk.
Colostrum- Part 2
There is some controversy on when this colostrum is obtained from the cows. Some dealers get the colostrum as soon as the calf is delivered and others get it from the first breast milk from the cow. Some dealers claim that the active products in colostrum expire within 6- 12 hours if the milk is not obtained within this time.
Moreover, others claim that the first milk can be obtained any time. In reality cows deliver babies at any time. To get the colostrum, one has to start milking the cows right away. (remember colostrum is only available for the first few hours/days after delivery). And the only way to get this product is to milk the cow right away. And think- if the farmer is going to take the milk, how is the cow going to feed its infant?
Well, in reality many farmers kill the infant cow, sell the meat and keeping on milking the cow for the colostrum- sad but true.
Many stores claim that the colostrum has been obtained from the cow within the first 6 hours after birth of the infant cow. However, in reality this is not true. Does anyone really believe that a farmer is going to get up in the middle of the night to milk the cow just to get the colostrum for a bunch of crazy folks who were never breast fed as babies? And who knows how much colostrum is mixed in with the milk to make more profit. There are some reports which claim that much of the colostrum out on the market is just diluted powdered milk spiced up with some other stuff (remember the melamine story from china?). The reality is that the business of selling colostrum brings big money and where health foods are concerned, fakes and counterfeit are abundant.
The whole industry is unregulated and so people sell all sorts of craps- and the crazy thing is that there are even more crazier people who buy the products.
Moreover, others claim that the first milk can be obtained any time. In reality cows deliver babies at any time. To get the colostrum, one has to start milking the cows right away. (remember colostrum is only available for the first few hours/days after delivery). And the only way to get this product is to milk the cow right away. And think- if the farmer is going to take the milk, how is the cow going to feed its infant?
Well, in reality many farmers kill the infant cow, sell the meat and keeping on milking the cow for the colostrum- sad but true.
Many stores claim that the colostrum has been obtained from the cow within the first 6 hours after birth of the infant cow. However, in reality this is not true. Does anyone really believe that a farmer is going to get up in the middle of the night to milk the cow just to get the colostrum for a bunch of crazy folks who were never breast fed as babies? And who knows how much colostrum is mixed in with the milk to make more profit. There are some reports which claim that much of the colostrum out on the market is just diluted powdered milk spiced up with some other stuff (remember the melamine story from china?). The reality is that the business of selling colostrum brings big money and where health foods are concerned, fakes and counterfeit are abundant.
The whole industry is unregulated and so people sell all sorts of craps- and the crazy thing is that there are even more crazier people who buy the products.
Colostrum- Part 1
Colostrum and Consumers
Now the adult population (both men and women) have gone crazy over colostrum. Everyone wants to drink this first milk as if it was holy water. But is it good for the adult?
Recently there has been a lot of hype made about colostrum and many people have started to sell this product.
Colostrum which is available on the market today is derived from cows’ milk. There are 100s of colostrum products out on the market. Some are lyophilized into powders and others are available as a liquid. The majority contain extra proteins like casein and whey. The whey proteins contain a myriad of molecules including antibodies and IGF-1.
However, many other formulations have never been analyzed and the exact ingredients in each remain a mystery. However, one should not get too excited about the presence of IGF-1 and all the great immunoglobulins in colostrum. When these are taken orally by the adult, the stomach acidity inactivates the majority of proteins and immunogloubulins. So far, it is believed that no IGF-1 gets into the blood stream.
Now the adult population (both men and women) have gone crazy over colostrum. Everyone wants to drink this first milk as if it was holy water. But is it good for the adult?
Recently there has been a lot of hype made about colostrum and many people have started to sell this product.
Colostrum which is available on the market today is derived from cows’ milk. There are 100s of colostrum products out on the market. Some are lyophilized into powders and others are available as a liquid. The majority contain extra proteins like casein and whey. The whey proteins contain a myriad of molecules including antibodies and IGF-1.
However, many other formulations have never been analyzed and the exact ingredients in each remain a mystery. However, one should not get too excited about the presence of IGF-1 and all the great immunoglobulins in colostrum. When these are taken orally by the adult, the stomach acidity inactivates the majority of proteins and immunogloubulins. So far, it is believed that no IGF-1 gets into the blood stream.
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